import subprocess

# 方法1：直接重定向到文件
def save_output_to_file_direct(command, filename):
    """
    執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)命令并將輸出直接寫入文件
    :param command: 要執(zhí)行的命令字符串
    :param filename: 輸出文件名
    """
    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
        result = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, stdout=f, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
    
    # 檢查命令執(zhí)行狀態(tài)
    if result.returncode != 0:
        print(f"命令執(zhí)行失敗，錯(cuò)誤信息: {result.stderr}")
    else:
        print(f"命令輸出已保存到: {filename}")

# 使用示例
save_output_to_file_direct('ls -la', 'directory_listing.txt')
save_output_to_file_direct('python --version', 'python_version.txt')

# 方法2：先捕獲輸出再寫入文件
def save_output_to_file_capture(command, filename):
    """
    先捕獲命令輸出，再寫入文件，便于處理輸出內(nèi)容
    :param command: 要執(zhí)行的命令字符串
    :param filename: 輸出文件名
    """
    try:
        # 執(zhí)行命令并捕獲輸出
        result = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True)
        
        # 將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錯(cuò)誤分別處理
        with open(filename, 'w') as f:
            f.write("=== 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出 ===
")
            f.write(result.stdout)
            
            if result.stderr:
                f.write("
=== 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錯(cuò)誤 ===
")
                f.write(result.stderr)
        
        print(f"命令執(zhí)行完成，返回碼: {result.returncode}")
        print(f"輸出已保存到: {filename}")
        
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"命令執(zhí)行異常: {e}")

# 使用示例
save_output_to_file_capture('pip list', 'installed_packages.txt')

import subprocess

def save_output_with_realtime(command, filename):
    """
    實(shí)時(shí)處理命令輸出并保存到文件
    :param command: 要執(zhí)行的命令字符串
    :param filename: 輸出文件名
    """
    with open(filename, 'w') as output_file:
        # 啟動(dòng)進(jìn)程
        process = subprocess.Popen(
            command,
            shell=True,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
            text=True,
            bufsize=1,  # 行緩沖
            universal_newlines=True
        )
        
        # 實(shí)時(shí)讀取輸出
        try:
            while True:
                # 讀取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出
                output = process.stdout.readline()
                if output:
                    print(output.strip())  # 實(shí)時(shí)顯示在終端
                    output_file.write(output)  # 同時(shí)寫入文件
                    output_file.flush()  # 確保立即寫入
                
                # 檢查進(jìn)程是否結(jié)束
                if process.poll() is not None:
                    # 讀取剩余輸出
                    remaining_output = process.stdout.read()
                    if remaining_output:
                        print(remaining_output.strip())
                        output_file.write(remaining_output)
                    
                    # 處理錯(cuò)誤輸出
                    error_output = process.stderr.read()
                    if error_output:
                        print(f"錯(cuò)誤信息: {error_output}")
                        output_file.write(f"
=== 錯(cuò)誤信息 ===
{error_output}")
                    
                    break
                    
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            process.terminate()
            print("命令執(zhí)行被用戶中斷")

# 使用示例：監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)日志（需要適當(dāng)權(quán)限）
# save_output_with_realtime('tail -f /var/log/syslog', 'system_log.txt')

import os

def save_output_os_popen(command, filename):
    """
    使用 os.popen() 執(zhí)行命令并保存輸出
    :param command: 要執(zhí)行的命令字符串
    :param filename: 輸出文件名
    """
    try:
        # 執(zhí)行命令并獲取輸出
        stream = os.popen(command)
        output = stream.read()
        return_code = stream.close()
        
        # 寫入文件
        with open(filename, 'w') as f:
            f.write(output)
        
        print(f"命令執(zhí)行完成，輸出已保存到: {filename}")
        if return_code is not None:
            print(f"命令返回碼: {return_code}")
            
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"執(zhí)行命令時(shí)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤: {e}")

# 使用示例
save_output_os_popen('date', 'current_date.txt')

import subprocess
from datetime import datetime

def batch_commands_with_logging(commands_config):
    """
    批量執(zhí)行多個(gè)命令，每個(gè)命令輸出保存到單獨(dú)文件
    :param commands_config: 命令配置列表，每個(gè)元素為 (命令, 輸出文件名)
    """
    log_entries = []
    
    for command, filename in commands_config:
        try:
            start_time = datetime.now()
            
            # 執(zhí)行命令
            result = subprocess.run(
                command, 
                shell=True, 
                capture_output=True, 
                text=True,
                timeout=30  # 30秒超時(shí)
            )
            
            end_time = datetime.now()
            duration = (end_time - start_time).total_seconds()
            
            # 保存輸出到文件
            with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write(f"命令: {command}
")
                f.write(f"執(zhí)行時(shí)間: {start_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}
")
                f.write(f"耗時(shí): {duration:.2f}秒
")
                f.write(f"返回碼: {result.returncode}

")
                f.write("=== 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出 ===
")
                f.write(result.stdout)
                
                if result.stderr:
                    f.write("
=== 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錯(cuò)誤 ===
")
                    f.write(result.stderr)
            
            # 記錄執(zhí)行日志
            log_entry = {
                'command': command,
                'filename': filename,
                'returncode': result.returncode,
                'duration': duration,
                'timestamp': start_time,
                'status': 'SUCCESS' if result.returncode == 0 else 'FAILED'
            }
            log_entries.append(log_entry)
            
            print(f"? {command} -> {filename} (耗時(shí): {duration:.2f}s)")
            
        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
            print(f"? {command} 執(zhí)行超時(shí)")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"? {command} 執(zhí)行異常: {e}")
    
    # 生成執(zhí)行摘要
    generate_execution_summary(log_entries)

def generate_execution_summary(log_entries):
    """生成批量執(zhí)行摘要"""
    summary_file = 'batch_execution_summary.txt'
    with open(summary_file, 'w') as f:
        f.write("批量命令執(zhí)行摘要
")
        f.write("=" * 50 + "

")
        
        success_count = sum(1 for entry in log_entries if entry['status'] == 'SUCCESS')
        total_count = len(log_entries)
        
        f.write(f"總命令數(shù): {total_count}
")
        f.write(f"成功數(shù): {success_count}
")
        f.write(f"失敗數(shù): {total_count - success_count}
")
        f.write(f"成功率: {success_count/total_count*100:.1f}%

")
        
        f.write("詳細(xì)執(zhí)行記錄:
")
        for entry in log_entries:
            f.write(f"- {entry['command']} | {entry['status']} | {entry['duration']:.2f}s | {entry['filename']}
")
    
    print(f"執(zhí)行摘要已保存到: {summary_file}")

# 使用示例
commands_to_run = [
    ('ls -la', 'directory_listing.txt'),
    ('python --version', 'python_version.txt'),
    ('pip freeze', 'requirements.txt'),
    ('df -h', 'disk_usage.txt')
]

batch_commands_with_logging(commands_to_run)

import subprocess
import time

def robust_command_execution(command, filename, max_retries=3):
    """
    帶錯(cuò)誤處理和重試機(jī)制的命令執(zhí)行
    :param command: 要執(zhí)行的命令
    :param filename: 輸出文件名
    :param max_retries: 最大重試次數(shù)
    """
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        try:
            print(f"第 {attempt + 1} 次嘗試執(zhí)行命令: {command}")
            
            result = subprocess.run(
                command,
                shell=True,
                capture_output=True,
                text=True,
                timeout=60
            )
            
            # 保存輸出
            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                f.write(f"執(zhí)行嘗試: {attempt + 1}
")
                f.write(f"命令: {command}
")
                f.write(f"返回碼: {result.returncode}

")
                f.write("標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出:
")
                f.write(result.stdout)
                
                if result.stderr:
                    f.write("
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錯(cuò)誤:
")
                    f.write(result.stderr)
            
            if result.returncode == 0:
                print(f"命令執(zhí)行成功，輸出保存到: {filename}")
                return True
            else:
                print(f"命令執(zhí)行失敗，返回碼: {result.returncode}")
                if attempt < max_retries - 1:
                    wait_time = (attempt + 1) * 2  # 指數(shù)退避
                    print(f"{wait_time}秒后重試...")
                    time.sleep(wait_time)
                    
        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
            print(f"命令執(zhí)行超時(shí)")
            if attempt < max_retries - 1:
                print("稍后重試...")
                time.sleep(5)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"執(zhí)行異常: {e}")
            if attempt < max_retries - 1:
                print("稍后重試...")
                time.sleep(5)
    
    print(f"命令執(zhí)行失敗，已達(dá)到最大重試次數(shù): {max_retries}")
    return False

# 使用示例
robust_command_execution('curl -I https://www.example.com', 'http_headers.txt')