pip install requests

import requests

# API地址URL
url = "https://api.example.com/products/123"

# 發(fā)送GET請(qǐng)求
response = requests.get(url)

# 查看響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼（200表示成功）
print("狀態(tài)碼：", response.status_code)

# 查看響應(yīng)內(nèi)容（默認(rèn)是字符串格式）
print("響應(yīng)內(nèi)容：", response.text)

# 解析JSON格式的響應(yīng)（最常用）
if response.status_code == 200:
    data = response.json()  # 自動(dòng)解析JSON，返回字典/列表
    print("商品名稱：", data["name"])
    print("商品價(jià)格：", data["price"])

url = "https://api.example.com/products"

# 請(qǐng)求參數(shù)（會(huì)自動(dòng)拼接到URL后面：?category=electronics&page=1）
params = {
    "category": "electronics",  # 商品分類
    "page": 1                   # 頁(yè)碼
}

# 發(fā)送帶參數(shù)的GET請(qǐng)求
response = requests.get(url, params=params)

# 查看最終請(qǐng)求的URL
print("請(qǐng)求URL：", response.url)  # 輸出：https://api.example.com/products?category=electronics&page=1

# 解析響應(yīng)
if response.ok:  # response.ok 等價(jià)于 status_code == 200
    products = response.json()["data"]
    for product in products:
        print(product["id"], product["name"])

url = "https://api.example.com/orders"

# 請(qǐng)求頭（告訴服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)格式為JSON）
headers = {
    "Content-Type": "application/json",
    "Authorization": "Bearer your_token_here"  # 認(rèn)證令牌（如有）
}

# 請(qǐng)求體數(shù)據(jù)（JSON格式）
payload = {
    "product_id": 123,
    "quantity": 2,
    "address": "北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)..."
}

# 發(fā)送POST請(qǐng)求（json參數(shù)會(huì)自動(dòng)序列化并設(shè)置Content-Type為application/json）
response = requests.post(url, json=payload, headers=headers)

# 處理響應(yīng)
if response.status_code == 201:  # 201表示資源創(chuàng)建成功
    order = response.json()
    print("創(chuàng)建訂單成功，訂單號(hào)：", order["order_id"])
else:
    print("創(chuàng)建失敗：", response.text)

# 更新商品價(jià)格（PATCH示例）
url = "https://api.example.com/products/123"
headers = {"Authorization": "Bearer your_token_here"}
payload = {"price": 3999}  # 僅更新價(jià)格字段

response = requests.patch(url, json=payload, headers=headers)

if response.ok:
    print("更新成功")

url = "https://api.example.com/products/123"
headers = {"Authorization": "Bearer your_token_here"}

response = requests.delete(url, headers=headers)

if response.status_code == 204:  # 204表示刪除成功（無返回內(nèi)容）
    print("刪除成功")

url = "https://api.example.com/data"
params = {
    "api_key": "your_api_key_here"  # 在查詢參數(shù)中攜帶API Key
}
response = requests.get(url, params=params)

url = "https://api.example.com/data"
headers = {
    "Authorization": "Bearer your_token_here"  # 在請(qǐng)求頭中攜帶Token
}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

url = "https://api.example.com/data"
# 傳入用戶名和密碼，requests會(huì)自動(dòng)處理編碼
response = requests.get(url, auth=("username", "password"))

url = "https://api.example.com/products"

try:
    # 設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間（防止無限等待）
    response = requests.get(url, timeout=10)  # 10秒超時(shí)

    # 主動(dòng)拋出HTTP錯(cuò)誤（如404、500）
    response.raise_for_status()

except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
    print(f"HTTP錯(cuò)誤：{e}")  # 如401權(quán)限不足、404未找到
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
    print("連接錯(cuò)誤（可能是URL錯(cuò)誤或網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題）")
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    print("請(qǐng)求超時(shí)")
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    print(f"其他錯(cuò)誤：{e}")
else:
    # 無異常時(shí)處理響應(yīng)
    print("請(qǐng)求成功，數(shù)據(jù)：", response.json())

# 創(chuàng)建會(huì)話對(duì)象
with requests.Session() as session:
    # 會(huì)話中設(shè)置全局headers（所有請(qǐng)求都會(huì)攜帶）
    session.headers.update({"Authorization": "Bearer your_token"})
    
    # 第一次請(qǐng)求（建立連接）
    response1 = session.get("https://api.example.com/products/1")
    # 第二次請(qǐng)求（復(fù)用連接，速度更快）
    response2 = session.get("https://api.example.com/products/2")

url = "https://api.example.com/upload"
files = {
    "file": open("image.jpg", "rb")  # 打開文件（二進(jìn)制模式）
}

response = requests.post(url, files=files)
print("上傳結(jié)果：", response.json())