ValueError: Invalid model reference 'apps.actors.Actor'. 
String model references must be of the form 'app_label.ModelName'.

'apps.actors.Actor'

'app_label.ModelName'

# 修改前
class ActorToFilm(TimeModel):
    actor = models.ForeignKey('apps.actors.Actor', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    film = models.ForeignKey('apps.moves.Film', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

# 修改后
class ActorToFilm(TimeModel):
    actor = models.ForeignKey('actors.Actor', on_delete=models.CASCADE)  # 去掉 apps.
    film = models.ForeignKey('moves.Film', on_delete=models.CASCADE)    # 去掉 apps.

# 在項(xiàng)目根目錄執(zhí)行
grep -r "'apps\." .

yunCoolCinema/
├── apps/
│   └── actors/
│       ├── __init__.py
│       ├── apps.py
│       └── models.py  # 包含 Actor 模型

from django.apps import AppConfig

class ActorsConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'actors'  # 必須是 'actors' 而不是 'apps.actors'
    verbose_name = '演員管理'

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ...
    'actors.apps.ActorsConfig',  # 正確格式
    # 而不是 'apps.actors.apps.ActorsConfig'
]

# 修復(fù) ActorToFilm 類
class ActorToFilm(TimeModel):
    actor = models.ForeignKey('actors.Actor', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    film = models.ForeignKey('moves.Film', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'actor_to_film'
        verbose_name = '演員-電影關(guān)聯(lián)'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

from django.db import models

class Actor(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField('姓名', max_length=100)
    # 其他字段...
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    
    # 自定義應(yīng)用
    'actors.apps.ActorsConfig',  # 正確格式
    'moves.apps.MovesConfig',   # 正確格式
]

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

python manage.py startapp actors

yunCoolCinema/
├── apps/
│   ├── actors/
│   │   ├── apps.py
│   │   └── models.py
│   └── moves/
│       ├── apps.py
│       └── models.py
├── templates/
├── static/
└── manage.py

import sys
from pathlib import Path

BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
sys.path.append(str(BASE_DIR / 'apps'))

# moves/models.py
from ..actors.models import Actor  # 相對(duì)導(dǎo)入

class ActorToFilm(models.Model):
    actor = models.ForeignKey(Actor, on_delete=models.CASCADE)  # 直接使用模型類

# actors/apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig

class ActorsConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'actors'  # 必須是基礎(chǔ)名稱
    verbose_name = '演員管理'
    
    def ready(self):
        # 應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)時(shí)執(zhí)行
        import actors.signals

python manage.py check
python manage.py runserver