from datetime import date, time, datetime, timedelta

now = datetime.now()  # 返回當(dāng)前本地日期和時間
print(now)  # 輸出：2023-05-15 14:30:15.123456

today = date.today()
print(today)  # 輸出：2023-05-15

current_time = datetime.now().time()
print(current_time)  # 輸出：14:30:15.123456

d = date(2023, 5, 15)  # 年, 月, 日
print(d)  # 輸出：2023-05-15

t = time(14, 30, 15)  # 時, 分, 秒
print(t)  # 輸出：14:30:15

dt = datetime(2023, 5, 15, 14, 30, 15)
print(dt)  # 輸出：2023-05-15 14:30:15

formatted = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(formatted)  # 輸出：2023-05-15 14:30:15

dt = datetime.strptime("2023-05-15 14:30:15", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(dt)  # 輸出：2023-05-15 14:30:15

delta = timedelta(
    days=7,       # 7天
    seconds=0,    # 0秒
    microseconds=0,
    milliseconds=0,
    minutes=0,
    hours=3,      # 3小時
    weeks=0
)

# 加7天3小時
future = now + timedelta(days=7, hours=3)
# 減2周
past = now - timedelta(weeks=2)

diff = datetime(2023, 6, 1) - datetime(2023, 5, 1)
print(diff.days)  # 輸出：31

# 訪問datetime對象的各個部分
print(f"Year: {now.year}")        # 年
print(f"Month: {now.month}")      # 月
print(f"Day: {now.day}")          # 日
print(f"Hour: {now.hour}")        # 時
print(f"Minute: {now.minute}")    # 分
print(f"Second: {now.second}")    # 秒
print(f"Microsecond: {now.microsecond}")  # 微秒
print(f"Weekday: {now.weekday()}")  # 周一為0，周日為6
print(f"ISO Weekday: {now.isoweekday()}")  # 周一為1，周日為7

import pytz
# 獲取時區(qū)對象
tz_shanghai = pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai')
tz_ny = pytz.timezone('America/New_York')
# 本地化時間
local_time = tz_shanghai.localize(datetime(2023, 5, 15, 14, 30))
print(local_time)  # 2023-05-15 14:30:00+08:00
# 轉(zhuǎn)換時區(qū)
ny_time = local_time.astimezone(tz_ny)
print(ny_time)  # 2023-05-15 02:30:00-04:00

from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
tz_sh = ZoneInfo("Asia/Shanghai")
dt = datetime(2023, 5, 15, 14, 30, tzinfo=tz_sh)
print(dt)  # 2023-05-15 14:30:00+08:00

dt1 = datetime(2023, 5, 1)
dt2 = datetime(2023, 5, 15)
print(dt1 < dt2)  # True
print(dt1 == dt2)  # False
print(dt1 > dt2)   # False

# 檢查閏年
print(date(2020, 1, 1).year % 4 == 0)  # True
# 獲取某個月有多少天
import calendar
print(calendar.monthrange(2023, 2)[1])  # 28

# 計算下個工作日
def next_workday(d):
    while True:
        d += timedelta(days=1)
        if d.weekday() < 5:  # 0-4是周一到周五
            return d
print(next_workday(date(2023, 5, 12)))  # 2023-05-15 (跳過周末)

from datetime import datetime
import pytz
# 創(chuàng)建帶時區(qū)的時間
utc_time = datetime.now(pytz.utc)
print(utc_time)  # 2023-05-15 06:30:15+00:00
# 轉(zhuǎn)換為上海時間
shanghai_time = utc_time.astimezone(pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai'))
print(shanghai_time)  # 2023-05-15 14:30:15+08:00

from dateutil import parser
dates = [
    "2023-05-15",
    "15/05/2023",
    "May 15, 2023",
    "15 May 2023"
]
for d in dates:
    print(parser.parse(d))  # 全部解析為datetime對象

import pandas as pd
# 創(chuàng)建日期范圍
date_range = pd.date_range('2023-01-01', '2023-12-31', freq='D')
# 高效操作
print(date_range[date_range.weekday < 5])  # 所有工作日