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Python與MongoDB交互的代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)

更新時(shí)間：2024年10月08日 10:57:08 作者：卡布達(dá)ovo

Python與MongoDB的交互通常通過(guò)pymongo庫(kù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),pymongo是一個(gè)官方的Python驅(qū)動(dòng)程序,用于與MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行交互,以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的示例,具有一定的參考價(jià)值,需要的朋友可以參考下

Python與MongoDB的交互通常通過(guò)pymongo庫(kù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。pymongo是一個(gè)官方的Python驅(qū)動(dòng)程序，用于與MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行交互。以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的示例，展示了如何使用pymongo來(lái)連接到MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，執(zhí)行一些基本的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作（如插入、查詢、更新和刪除文檔）。

安裝pymongo

pip install pymongo

Python連接Mongodb

from pymongo import MongoClient
 
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)MongoClient對(duì)象，該對(duì)象用于連接Mongodb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器
client = MongoClient('mongodb://admin:password@localhost:27017/')

向數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中添加數(shù)據(jù)

from mongo_db import client
 
# client.school.teacher.insert_one({"name": "露娜"})
 
# client.school.teacher.insert_many([{"name":"蘭陵王"}, {"name": "百里玄策"}])
 
client.school.teacher.find({})

查詢數(shù)據(jù)

from mongo_db import client
 
try:
    teachers = client.school.teacher.find()
    # print(teachers)
    for one in teachers:
        print(one["_id"],one["name"])
 
    # 有條件查詢
    teacher = client.school.teacher.find_one({"name":"蘭陵王"})
    print(teacher["_id"],teacher["name"])
 
except Exception  as e:
    print(e)

更新修改數(shù)據(jù)

from mongo_db import client
 
try:
    # 全表修改，表中無(wú)此列時(shí)會(huì)增加此列
    # client.school.teacher.update_many({}, {'$set': {"role":["班主任"]}})
    # client.school.teacher.update_one({"name": "露娜"},{"$set":{"sex": "女"}})
 
    # push追加(列表)
    client.school.teacher.update_one({"name": "露娜"},{"$push":{"role": "年級(jí)王主任"}})
 
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

刪除數(shù)據(jù)

from mongo_db import client
 
try:
    # 有條件查詢
    # client.school.teacher.delete_one({"name": "露娜"})
    # 刪除多條數(shù)據(jù)
    client.school.teacher.delete_many({})
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

索引

創(chuàng)建索引以優(yōu)化查詢性能。

collection.create_index([("name", pymongo.ASCENDING)])

聚合框架

使用聚合框架進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)聚合操作

pipeline = [
    {"$match": {"age": {"$gt": 25}}},
    {"$group": {"_id": "$city", "count": {"$sum": 1}}}
]
results = collection.aggregate(pipeline)
for result in results:
    print(result)

事務(wù)

從MongoDB 4.0開(kāi)始，支持多文檔事務(wù)，確保數(shù)據(jù)的一致性和完整性。

with client.start_session() as session:
    with session.start_transaction():
        collection.update_one({"name": "John"}, {"$set": {"age": 32}}, session=session)
        collection.update_one({"name": "Alice"}, {"$set": {"age": 26}}, session=session)
        session.commit_transaction()