如何使用 Python和 FFmpeg 批量截圖視頻到各自文件夾中

更新時間：2024年08月26日 10:00:59 作者：winfredzhang

wxPython 提供了一個簡單易用的界面,而 FFmpeg 則負責處理視頻幀的提取,這個工具不僅對視頻編輯工作有幫助,也為批量處理視頻文件提供了極大的便利,這篇文章主要介紹了使用 Python和 FFmpeg 批量截圖視頻到各自文件夾中,需要的朋友可以參考下

在這篇博客中，我們將創(chuàng)建一個簡單的圖形用戶界面 (GUI) 工具，利用 wxPython 和 FFmpeg 來從視頻文件中批量生成截圖。這個工具能夠讓用戶選擇一個文件夾，遍歷其中的所有視頻文件，按照視頻長度將其分為四等分，然后為每個視頻生成四張截圖。所有生成的截圖將保存在一個以視頻名稱命名的文件夾中，并在截圖完成后自動打開該文件夾。
C:\pythoncode\new\multivideofilescreenshot.py

工具介紹

wxPython：用于創(chuàng)建桌面應用程序的圖形界面。
FFmpeg：一個強大的多媒體處理工具，用于提取視頻幀。

所有代碼

import wx
import os
import subprocess
import threading
import datetime
import sys
class VideoScreenshotApp(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title="視頻截圖工具", size=(600, 400))
        # 創(chuàng)建面板
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        # 創(chuàng)建路徑選擇控件
        self.path_label = wx.StaticText(panel, label="請選擇文件夾：")
        self.path_textctrl = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_READONLY)
        self.path_button = wx.Button(panel, label="選擇路徑")
        self.path_button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_select_path)
        # 創(chuàng)建文件列表控件，使用 CheckListBox 以支持多選
        self.file_list_ctrl = wx.CheckListBox(panel)
        # 創(chuàng)建截圖按鈕
        self.capture_button = wx.Button(panel, label="截圖")
        self.capture_button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_capture)
        # 布局
        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        sizer.Add(self.path_label, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.path_textctrl, 0, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.path_button, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.file_list_ctrl, 1, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.capture_button, 0, wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER, 5)
        panel.SetSizer(sizer)
        self.current_path = ""
    def on_select_path(self, event):
        dlg = wx.DirDialog(self, "選擇文件夾", style=wx.DD_DEFAULT_STYLE)
        if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            self.current_path = dlg.GetPath()
            self.path_textctrl.SetValue(self.current_path)
            self.update_file_list()
        dlg.Destroy()
    def update_file_list(self):
        self.file_list_ctrl.Clear()
        if not self.current_path:
            return
        file_list = self.search_video_files(self.current_path)
        for filename, file_path, duration in file_list:
            self.file_list_ctrl.Append(f"{filename} - {str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=int(duration)))}", file_path)
    def search_video_files(self, directory):
        video_extensions = ['.mp4', '.avi', '.mkv', '.mov', '.wmv', '.flv', '.webm']
        file_list = []
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
            for file in files:
                if os.path.splitext(file)[1].lower() in video_extensions:
                    file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
                    duration = self.get_video_duration(file_path)
                    file_list.append((file, file_path, duration))
        return file_list
    def get_video_duration(self, file_path):
        cmd = [
            'ffprobe',
            '-v', 'error',
            '-select_streams', 'v:0',
            '-show_entries', 'stream=duration',
            '-of', 'default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1',
            file_path
        ]
        try:
            result = subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True, check=True)
            duration_str = result.stdout.strip()
            if not duration_str:
                raise ValueError("ffprobe output is empty")
            return float(duration_str)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            wx.LogError(f"ffprobe error: {e.stderr}")
            raise
        except ValueError as e:
            wx.LogError(f"Value error: {e}")
            raise
    def on_capture(self, event):
        selected_indices = self.file_list_ctrl.GetCheckedItems()
        if selected_indices:
            for index in selected_indices:
                file_path = self.file_list_ctrl.GetClientData(index)
                file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
                duration = self.get_video_duration(file_path)
                thread = threading.Thread(target=self.capture_screenshots, args=(file_path, duration))
                thread.start()
        else:
            wx.MessageBox("請先選擇一個或多個視頻文件", "提示", wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
    def capture_screenshots(self, file_path, duration):
        output_dir = os.path.join(self.current_path, os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(file_path))[0])
        if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
            os.makedirs(output_dir)
        # 計算每張截圖的時間點
        intervals = [duration * i / 4 for i in range(1, 5)]
        # 生成截圖
        for i, timestamp in enumerate(intervals):
            cmd = [
                'ffmpeg',
                '-ss', str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=int(timestamp))),
                '-i', file_path,
                '-vframes', '1',
                os.path.join(output_dir, f'screenshot_{i+1}.jpg')
            ]
            subprocess.run(cmd, check=True)
        # 截圖完成后，自動打開文件夾
        if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
            subprocess.Popen(['explorer', output_dir])
        elif sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
            subprocess.Popen(['open', output_dir])
        elif sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
            subprocess.Popen(['xdg-open', output_dir])
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = wx.App(False)
    frame = VideoScreenshotApp()
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

代碼實現

下面是我們的工具實現代碼：

import wx
import os
import subprocess
import threading
import datetime
import sys
class VideoScreenshotApp(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title="視頻截圖工具", size=(600, 400))
        # 創(chuàng)建面板
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        # 創(chuàng)建路徑選擇控件
        self.path_label = wx.StaticText(panel, label="請選擇文件夾：")
        self.path_textctrl = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_READONLY)
        self.path_button = wx.Button(panel, label="選擇路徑")
        self.path_button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_select_path)
        # 創(chuàng)建文件列表控件，使用 CheckListBox 以支持多選
        self.file_list_ctrl = wx.CheckListBox(panel)
        # 創(chuàng)建截圖按鈕
        self.capture_button = wx.Button(panel, label="截圖")
        self.capture_button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_capture)
        # 布局
        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        sizer.Add(self.path_label, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.path_textctrl, 0, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.path_button, 0, wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.file_list_ctrl, 1, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.capture_button, 0, wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER, 5)
        panel.SetSizer(sizer)
        self.current_path = ""
    def on_select_path(self, event):
        dlg = wx.DirDialog(self, "選擇文件夾", style=wx.DD_DEFAULT_STYLE)
        if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            self.current_path = dlg.GetPath()
            self.path_textctrl.SetValue(self.current_path)
            self.update_file_list()
        dlg.Destroy()
    def update_file_list(self):
        self.file_list_ctrl.Clear()
        if not self.current_path:
            return
        file_list = self.search_video_files(self.current_path)
        for filename, file_path, duration in file_list:
            self.file_list_ctrl.Append(f"{filename} - {str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=int(duration)))}", file_path)
    def search_video_files(self, directory):
        video_extensions = ['.mp4', '.avi', '.mkv', '.mov', '.wmv', '.flv', '.webm']
        file_list = []
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
            for file in files:
                if os.path.splitext(file)[1].lower() in video_extensions:
                    file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
                    duration = self.get_video_duration(file_path)
                    file_list.append((file, file_path, duration))
        return file_list
    def get_video_duration(self, file_path):
        cmd = [
            'ffprobe',
            '-v', 'error',
            '-select_streams', 'v:0',
            '-show_entries', 'stream=duration',
            '-of', 'default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1',
            file_path
        ]
        try:
            result = subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True, check=True)
            duration_str = result.stdout.strip()
            if not duration_str:
                raise ValueError("ffprobe output is empty")
            return float(duration_str)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            wx.LogError(f"ffprobe error: {e.stderr}")
            raise
        except ValueError as e:
            wx.LogError(f"Value error: {e}")
            raise
    def on_capture(self, event):
        selected_indices = self.file_list_ctrl.GetCheckedItems()
        if selected_indices:
            for index in selected_indices:
                file_path = self.file_list_ctrl.GetClientData(index)
                file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
                duration = self.get_video_duration(file_path)
                thread = threading.Thread(target=self.capture_screenshots, args=(file_path, duration))
                thread.start()
        else:
            wx.MessageBox("請先選擇一個或多個視頻文件", "提示", wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
    def capture_screenshots(self, file_path, duration):
        output_dir = os.path.join(self.current_path, os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(file_path))[0])
        if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
            os.makedirs(output_dir)
        # 計算每張截圖的時間點
        intervals = [duration * i / 4 for i in range(1, 5)]
        # 生成截圖
        for i, timestamp in enumerate(intervals):
            cmd = [
                'ffmpeg',
                '-ss', str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=int(timestamp))),
                '-i', file_path,
                '-vframes', '1',
                os.path.join(output_dir, f'screenshot_{i+1}.jpg')
            ]
            subprocess.run(cmd, check=True)
        # 截圖完成后，自動打開文件夾
        if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
            subprocess.Popen(['explorer', output_dir])
        elif sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
            subprocess.Popen(['open', output_dir])
        elif sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
            subprocess.Popen(['xdg-open', output_dir])
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = wx.App(False)
    frame = VideoScreenshotApp()
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()