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python時(shí)間日期相加減的實(shí)現(xiàn)示例

更新時(shí)間：2024年02月23日 11:22:23 作者：weixin_40293999

在實(shí)際開發(fā)中,我們經(jīng)常需要對(duì)日期進(jìn)行加減操作,本文主要介紹了python時(shí)間日期相加減的實(shí)現(xiàn)示例,具有一定的參考價(jià)值,感興趣的可以了解一下

前言

時(shí)間日期相加減，單獨(dú)看沒啥意思，但是比如要預(yù)測(cè)從當(dāng)前時(shí)間開始，未來12個(gè)月的股票變化情況，你只拿到了股票的價(jià)格的序列值一共12個(gè)，需要把它撲到未來12個(gè)月，中間可能跨年。

安裝插件

python-dateutil

pip install python-dateutil

一、python時(shí)間處理月份加減

import datetime
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
 
datetime_now = datetime.datetime.now()
datetime_three_month_ago = datetime_now - relativedelta(months=3)
print(datetime_three_month_ago)

二、python日期相減（秒、小時(shí)、天、月、年）

1.例子

代碼如下（示例）：

import datetime
today=datetime.datetime.now()
datetime1=today-datetime.timedelta(seconds=10)#減10秒
datetime2=today-datetime.timedelta(minutes=10)#減10分鐘
datetime3=today-datetime.timedelta(hours=1)#減1小時(shí)
datetime4=today-datetime.timedelta(days=7)#減1天
datetime5=today-datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)#減1周
datetime6=today.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')#將時(shí)間格式化為字符串
print('today:',today)
print('second:',datetime1)
print('minute:',datetime2)
print('hour:',datetime3)
print('day:',datetime4)
print('week:',datetime5)
print('時(shí)間格式化為字符串:',datetime6)
  
  
import dateutil.relativedelta
datetime7= datetime.datetime.strptime(datetime6, '%Y-%m-%d')#將字符串格式為時(shí)間
datetime8 = datetime7 - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(seconds=10)#減10秒
datetime9 = datetime7 - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(minutes=10)#減10分鐘
datetime10 = datetime7 - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(hours=1)#減減1小時(shí)
datetime11 = datetime7 - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(days=1)#減1天
datetime12 = datetime7 - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(months=1)#減一個(gè)月
datetime13 = datetime7 - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(years=1)#減一年
print('字符串格式為時(shí)間:',datetime7)
print('second2:',datetime8)
print('minute2:',datetime9)
print('hour2:',datetime10)
print('day2:',datetime11)
print('month2:',datetime12)
print('year:',datetime13)

2.案例：

處理未來12個(gè)月

def get_dynamic_year(i):
    today=datetime.datetime.now()
    tmp = today + dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(months=i)
    return tmp.year

def get_dynamic_month(i):
    today=datetime.datetime.now()
    tmp = today + dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(months=i)
    return tmp.month

pd_insert["year"] = [get_dynamic_year(i) for i in range(1,13)]
pd_insert["month"] = [ get_dynamic_month(i) for i in range(1,13) ]

處理未來7天的日期

    """
    pandas實(shí)在是太變態(tài)了，用row.name的方式獲取行索引
    把每一天都加上
    """
    data_date = today + datetime.timedelta(days=i+1)
    return data_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
pd_insert['forecast_date'] = today.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
pd_insert['data_date'] = pd_insert.apply(
         lambda x: get_date(x.name, x['forecast_date']), axis=1)