python中文件的創(chuàng)建與寫入實(shí)戰(zhàn)代碼

更新時(shí)間：2023年10月07日 10:40:57 作者：DevGeek

這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于python中文件的創(chuàng)建與寫入的相關(guān)資料,在Python中文件寫入提供了不同的模式和方法來滿足不同的需求,文中通過代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì),需要的朋友可以參考下

1.利用內(nèi)置函數(shù)獲取文件對(duì)象

功能:
- 生成文件對(duì)象，進(jìn)行創(chuàng)建，讀寫操作
用法:
- open(path,mode)
參數(shù)說明∶
- path:文件路徑
- mode :操作模式
返回值:
- 文件對(duì)象
舉例:
- f = open('d://a.txt' , ‘w')

2. 文件操作的模式之寫入：

寫入模式（“w”）：打開文件進(jìn)行寫入操作。如果文件已存在，則會(huì)覆蓋原有內(nèi)容；如果文件不存在，則會(huì)創(chuàng)建新文件。
注意：在寫入模式下，如果文件已存在，原有內(nèi)容將被清空。

3. 文件對(duì)象的操作方法之寫入保存：

write(str)：將字符串str寫入文件。它返回寫入的字符數(shù)。
```
file.write("Hello, world!\n")
```
writelines(lines)：將字符串列表lines中的每個(gè)字符串寫入文件。它不會(huì)在字符串之間添加換行符?？梢酝ㄟ^在每個(gè)字符串末尾添加換行符來實(shí)現(xiàn)換行。
```
lines = ["This is line 1\n", "This is line 2\n", "This is line 3\n"]
file.writelines(lines)
```
close()：關(guān)閉文件，釋放文件資源。在寫入完成后，應(yīng)該調(diào)用該方法關(guān)閉文件。
```
file.close()
```

以下是一個(gè)示例代碼，演示如何使用open函數(shù)獲取文件對(duì)象并進(jìn)行寫入保存操作：

# 打開文件并獲取文件對(duì)象
file = open("example.txt", "w")
# 寫入單行文本
file.write("Hello, world!\n")
# 寫入多行文本
lines = ["This is line 1\n", "This is line 2\n", "This is line 3\n"]
file.writelines(lines)
# 關(guān)閉文件
file.close()

在上述示例中，我們首先使用open函數(shù)以寫入模式打開名為"example.txt"的文件，獲取了文件對(duì)象file。然后，我們使用文件對(duì)象的write方法寫入了單行文本和writelines方法寫入了多行文本。最后，我們調(diào)用了close方法關(guān)閉文件。

請(qǐng)確保在寫入完成后調(diào)用close方法來關(guān)閉文件，以釋放文件資源和確保寫入的數(shù)據(jù)被保存。

操作完成后，必須使用close方法！
避坑指南：
#當(dāng)打開的文件中有中文的時(shí)候，需要設(shè)置打開的編碼格式為utf-8或gbk，視打開的原文件編碼格式而定

實(shí)戰(zhàn)

在這里插入代碼片# coding:utf-8
# @Author: DX
# @Time: 2023/5/29
# @File: package_open.py
import os
def create_package(path):
    if os.path.exists(path):
        raise Exception('%s已經(jīng)存在,不可創(chuàng)建' % path)
    os.makedirs(path)
    init_path = os.path.join(path, '__init__.py')
    f = open(init_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    f.write('# coding: utf-8\n')
    f.close()
class Open(object):
    def __init__(self, path, mode='w', is_return=True):
        self.path = path
        self.mode = mode
        self.is_return = is_return
    def write(self, message):
        f = open(self.path, mode=self.mode, encoding='utf-8')
        try:
            if self.is_return and message.endswith('\n'):
                message = '%s\n' % message
                f.write(message)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        finally:
            f.close()
    def read(self, is_strip=True):
        result = []
        with open(self.path, mode=self.mode, encoding='utf-8') as f:
            data = f.readlines()
        for line in data:
            if is_strip:
                temp = line.strip()
                if temp != '':
                    result.append(temp)
                else:
                    if line != '':
                        result.append(line)
        return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    current_path = os.getcwd()
    # path = os.path.join(current_path, 'test2')
    # create_package(path)
    open_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'b.txt')
    o = open('package_datetime.py', mode='r', encoding='utf-8')
    # o = os.write('你好~')
    data1 = o.read()
    print(data1)

輸出結(jié)果（遍歷了package_datetime.py中的內(nèi)容）：

# coding:utf-8
# Time: 2023/5/28
# @Author: Dx
# @File:package_datetime.py
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
now = datetime.now()
print(now, type(now))
now_str = now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(now_str, type(now_str))
now_obj = datetime.strptime(now_str, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(now_obj, type(now_obj))
print('===========================================')
three_days = timedelta(days=3)  # 這個(gè)時(shí)間間隔是三天，可以代表三天前或三天后的范圍
after_three_days = three_days + now
print(after_three_days)
after_three_days_str = after_three_days.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S:%f')
print(after_three_days_str, type(after_three_days_str))
after_three_days_obj = datetime.strptime(after_three_days_str, '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S:%f')
print(after_three_days_obj, type(after_three_days_obj))
print('===========================================')
before_three_days = now - three_days
print(before_three_days)
before_three_days_str = before_three_days.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S:%f')
print(before_three_days_str, type(before_three_days_str), '=================')
before_three_days_obj = datetime.strptime(before_three_days_str, '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S:%f')
print(before_three_days_obj, type(before_three_days_obj))
print('===========================================')
one_hour = timedelta(hours=1)
after_one_hour = now + one_hour
after_one_hour_str = after_one_hour.strftime('%H:%M:%S')
print(after_one_hour_str)
after_one_hour_obj = datetime.strptime(after_one_hour_str, '%H:%M:%S')
print(after_one_hour_obj, type(after_one_hour_obj))
# default_str = '2023 5 28 abc'
# default_obj = datetime.strptime(default_str, '%Y %m %d')
進(jìn)程已結(jié)束,退出代碼0

package_datetime.py

# coding:utf-8
# Time: 2023/5/28
# @Author: Dx
# @File:package_datetime.py
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
now = datetime.now()
print(now, type(now))
now_str = now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(now_str, type(now_str))
now_obj = datetime.strptime(now_str, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(now_obj, type(now_obj))
print('===========================================')
three_days = timedelta(days=3)  # 這個(gè)時(shí)間間隔是三天，可以代表三天前或三天后的范圍
after_three_days = three_days + now
print(after_three_days)
after_three_days_str = after_three_days.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S:%f')
print(after_three_days_str, type(after_three_days_str))
after_three_days_obj = datetime.strptime(after_three_days_str, '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S:%f')
print(after_three_days_obj, type(after_three_days_obj))
print('===========================================')
before_three_days = now - three_days
print(before_three_days)
before_three_days_str = before_three_days.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S:%f')
print(before_three_days_str, type(before_three_days_str), '=================')
before_three_days_obj = datetime.strptime(before_three_days_str, '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S:%f')
print(before_three_days_obj, type(before_three_days_obj))
print('===========================================')
one_hour = timedelta(hours=1)
after_one_hour = now + one_hour
after_one_hour_str = after_one_hour.strftime('%H:%M:%S')
print(after_one_hour_str)
after_one_hour_obj = datetime.strptime(after_one_hour_str, '%H:%M:%S')
print(after_one_hour_obj, type(after_one_hour_obj))
# default_str = '2023 5 28 abc'
# default_obj = datetime.strptime(default_str, '%Y %m %d')