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Spring WebService的兩種主流實(shí)現(xiàn)方式?及說(shuō)明

更新時(shí)間：2026年04月27日 11:11:46 作者：曹牧

文章介紹了Spring Web Services（Spring-WS）和Spring Boot + Apache CXF兩種主流的Web服務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,Spring-WS采用ContractFirst方式,適合企業(yè)級(jí)、高可維護(hù)性的SOAP服務(wù)；Spring Boot + CXF采用ContractLast方式,開(kāi)發(fā)更快,適合快速原型或內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)集成

Spring WebService主流實(shí)現(xiàn)方式‌

Spring-WS（Spring Web Services）‌：采用 ‌Contract First（自頂向下）‌ 方式，先定義 XSD/WSDL，再生成 Java 代碼。適用于企業(yè)級(jí)、高可維護(hù)性的 SOAP 服務(wù)。

Spring Boot + JAX-WS（通常用 Apache CXF）‌：采用 ‌Contract Last（自底向上）‌ 方式，通過(guò) @WebService 注解將 Java 類(lèi)暴露為 Web Service。開(kāi)發(fā)更快速，適合快速原型或內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)集成。

1、‌Spring-WS（Contract First）核心步驟‌

添加依賴(lài)‌（Maven）：

? ? <dependency>
??????? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
??????? <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web-services</artifactId>
??? </dependency>
??? <dependency>
??????? <groupId>wsdl4j</groupId>
??????? <artifactId>wsdl4j</artifactId>
??? </dependency>

定義 XSD Schema‌（如 src/main/resources/xsd/login.xsd）：

<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://example.com/ws/login"
?????????????? elementFormDefault="qualified"
?????????????? xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
??????? <xs:element name="loginRequest">
??????????? <xs:complexType>
??????????????? <xs:sequence>
??????????????????? <xs:element name="username" type="xs:string"/>
??????????????????? <xs:element name="password" type="xs:string"/>
??????????????? </xs:sequence>
??????????? </xs:complexType>
??????? </xs:element>
??????? <xs:element name="loginResponse">
??????????? <xs:complexType>
??????????????? <xs:sequence>
??????????????????? <xs:element name="result" type="xs:string"/>
??????????????? </xs:sequence>
??????????? </xs:complexType>
??????? </xs:element>
??? </xs:schema>

自動(dòng)生成 Java 類(lèi)‌（使用 JAXB2 Maven 插件）：

<plugin>
??????? <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
??????? <artifactId>jaxb2-maven-plugin</artifactId>
??????? <version>1.6</version>
??????? <configuration>
??????????? <schemaDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources/xsd/</schemaDirectory>
??????????? <outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java/</outputDirectory>
??????? </configuration>
??????? <executions>
??????????? <execution>
??????????????? <goals><goal>xjc</goal></goals>
??????????? </execution>
??????? </executions>
??? </plugin>

創(chuàng)建 Endpoint‌：

@Endpoint
??? public class LoginEndpoint {
??????? private static final String NAMESPACE_URI = "http://example.com/ws/login";
??????? @PayloadRoot(namespace = NAMESPACE_URI, localPart = "loginRequest")
??????? @ResponsePayload
??????? public LoginResponse login(@RequestPayload LoginRequest request) {
??????????? // 業(yè)務(wù)邏輯
??????????? LoginResponse response = new LoginResponse();
??????????? response.setResult("success");
??????????? return response;
??????? }
??? }

配置 WebServiceConfig‌：

? ? @Configuration
??? @EnableWs
??? public class WebServiceConfig extends WsConfigurerAdapter {
??????? @Bean
??????? public ServletRegistrationBean messageDispatcherServlet(ApplicationContext context) {
??????????? MessageDispatcherServlet servlet = new MessageDispatcherServlet();
??????????? servlet.setApplicationContext(context);
??????????? servlet.setTransformWsdlLocations(true);
??????????? return new ServletRegistrationBean(servlet, "/ws/*");
??????? }
??????? @Bean(name = "login")
??????? public DefaultWsdl11Definition defaultWsdl11Definition(XsdSchema schema) {
??????????? DefaultWsdl11Definition wsdl = new DefaultWsdl11Definition();
??????????? wsdl.setPortTypeName("loginPort");
??????????? wsdl.setLocationUri("/ws");
??????????? wsdl.setSchema(schema);
??????????? return wsdl;
??????? }
??????? @Bean
??????? public XsdSchema schema() {
??????????? return new SimpleXsdSchema(new ClassPathResource("xsd/login.xsd"));
??????? }
??? }

訪(fǎng)問(wèn) WSDL‌：

啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用后，訪(fǎng)問(wèn) http://localhost:8080/ws/login.wsdl 查看服務(wù)描述。

2、‌Spring Boot + CXF（Contract Last）

添加依賴(lài)‌：

? ? <dependency>
??????? <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
??????? <artifactId>cxf-spring-boot-starter-jaxws</artifactId>
??????? <version>3.3.1</version>
??? </dependency>

定義接口與實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)‌：

? ? @WebService
??? public interface OrderWS {
??????? @WebMethod
??????? Order getOrderById(int id);
??? }
??? @WebService(endpointInterface = "com.example.OrderWS")
??? public class OrderWSImpl implements OrderWS {
??????? @Override
??????? public Order getOrderById(int id) {
??????????? return new Order(id, "Product", 999.99);
??????? }
??? }

配置發(fā)布端點(diǎn)‌：

? ? @Configuration
??? public class WebServiceConfig {
??????? @Autowired
??????? private OrderWSImpl orderWSImpl;
??????? @Bean
??????? public Endpoint endpoint() {
??????????? EndpointImpl endpoint = new EndpointImpl(new SpringBus(), orderWSImpl);
??????????? endpoint.publish("/orderws");
??????????? return endpoint;
??????? }
??? }

訪(fǎng)問(wèn) WSDL‌：

http://localhost:8080/orderws?wsdl