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Spring線程池的配置及使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor過(guò)程

更新時(shí)間：2026年03月30日 11:03:23 作者：Jason_520168

本文主要介紹了Spring提供的線程池ThreadPoolTaskExecutor及其配置方式,以及FixedThreadPool線程池的使用注意事項(xiàng),同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了計(jì)數(shù)器的使用可以保證線程池執(zhí)行順序

一、ThreadPoolTaskExecutor是什么？

ThreadPoolTaskExecutor是Spring提供的線程池，通過(guò)配置參數(shù)初始化線程池，隨取隨用，不需要操作線程的創(chuàng)建和銷毀。

二、代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)

1.配置類ExecutorConfig

代碼如下（示例）：

@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class ExecutorConfig {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorConfig.class);

    private int corePoolSize = 5;
    private int maxPoolSize = 10;
    private int queueCapacity = 99999;
    private String namePrefix = "async-service-";

    @Bean(name = "asyncServiceExecutor")
    public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor asyncServiceExecutor(){
        logger.info("start asyncServiceExecutor");
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        //配置核心線程數(shù)
        executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
        //配置最大線程數(shù)
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);
        //配置隊(duì)列大小
        executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);
        //配置線程池中的線程的名稱前綴
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix(namePrefix);

        // rejection-policy: 當(dāng)pool已經(jīng)達(dá)到max size的時(shí)候，如何處理新任務(wù)
        // CALLER_RUNS: 不在新線程中執(zhí)行任務(wù)，而是有調(diào)用者所在的線程來(lái)執(zhí)行
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        //執(zhí)行初始化
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

2.引入使用

代碼如下（示例）：

    @Resource(name = "asyncServiceExecutor")
    private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor;

	//定義計(jì)數(shù)器
	final CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(list.size());
	executor.execute(()-> {
                    try {
						//Do something
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        log.error(e.getMessage());
                    } finally {
                        log.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "執(zhí)行完成");
                        //計(jì)數(shù)器減一
                        countDownLatch.countDown();
                    }
                });

            try {
                countDownLatch.await();
                executor.shutdownNow();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //Do something

三、FixedThreadPool線程池

我們?cè)陂_(kāi)發(fā)中經(jīng)常會(huì)用到Java提供的工具類創(chuàng)建線程池，F(xiàn)ixedThreadPool就是其中之一，但在使用中要注意這個(gè)線程池一旦開(kāi)啟會(huì)引起內(nèi)存飆升的問(wèn)題，下面我們來(lái)看下源碼。

ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
//定義計(jì)數(shù)器
	final CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(list.size());
	fixedThreadPool.execute(()-> {
                    try {
						//Do something
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        log.error(e.getMessage());
                    } finally {
                        log.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "執(zhí)行完成");
                        //計(jì)數(shù)器減一
                        countDownLatch.countDown();
                    }
                });

            try {
                countDownLatch.await();
                fixedThreadPool.shutdownNow();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //Do something

上面兩圖是截圖出來(lái)的源碼，重點(diǎn)就在這個(gè)new出來(lái)的隊(duì)列，通常稱為無(wú)界隊(duì)列，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)隊(duì)列默認(rèn)大小是Interger.MAX_VALUE，所以在線程池創(chuàng)建的一瞬間內(nèi)存就會(huì)飆升，直到所有線程執(zhí)行完畢，關(guān)閉線程池，才會(huì)釋放內(nèi)存