Spring Boot 數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理問題小結(jié)

更新時(shí)間：2026年03月30日 10:21:04 作者：星辰徐哥

本文給大家介紹Spring Boot數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理,包括數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的定義與特點(diǎn)、異常處理的定義與特點(diǎn)、Spring Boot與數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的集成、Spring Boot與異常處理的集成、Spring Boot的實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,學(xué)會(huì)了在實(shí)際開發(fā)中處理數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理問題,感興趣的朋友跟隨小編一起看看吧

Spring Boot 數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理

34.1 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)與重點(diǎn)提示

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：掌握Spring Boot數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理的核心概念與使用方法，包括數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的定義與特點(diǎn)、異常處理的定義與特點(diǎn)、Spring Boot與數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的集成、Spring Boot與異常處理的集成、Spring Boot的實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，學(xué)會(huì)在實(shí)際開發(fā)中處理數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理問題。
重點(diǎn)：數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的定義與特點(diǎn)、異常處理的定義與特點(diǎn)、Spring Boot與數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的集成、Spring Boot與異常處理的集成、Spring Boot的實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景。

34.2 數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理概述

數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理是Java開發(fā)中的重要組件，用于確保數(shù)據(jù)的正確性和處理系統(tǒng)的異常。

34.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的定義

定義：數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證是指對(duì)輸入數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，確保數(shù)據(jù)的正確性和完整性。
作用：

確保輸入數(shù)據(jù)的正確性。
防止惡意數(shù)據(jù)的輸入。
提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性。

常見的數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證：

非空驗(yàn)證。
長(zhǎng)度驗(yàn)證。
格式驗(yàn)證。
范圍驗(yàn)證。

? 結(jié)論：數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證是指對(duì)輸入數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，作用是確保輸入數(shù)據(jù)的正確性、防止惡意數(shù)據(jù)的輸入、提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性。

34.2.2 異常處理的定義

定義：異常處理是指對(duì)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行過程中出現(xiàn)的異常進(jìn)行處理，確保系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行。
作用：

提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性。
提高用戶體驗(yàn)。
便于系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)。

常見的異常處理：

異常捕獲。
異常轉(zhuǎn)換。
異常拋出。
異常記錄。

? 結(jié)論：異常處理是指對(duì)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行過程中出現(xiàn)的異常進(jìn)行處理，作用是提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性、提高用戶體驗(yàn)、便于系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)。

34.3 Spring Boot與數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的集成

Spring Boot與數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的集成是Java開發(fā)中的重要內(nèi)容。

34.3.1 集成Spring Validation的步驟

定義：集成Spring Validation的步驟是指使用Spring Boot與Spring Validation集成的方法。
步驟：

創(chuàng)建Spring Boot項(xiàng)目。
添加所需的依賴。
配置數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證。
創(chuàng)建實(shí)體類。
創(chuàng)建業(yè)務(wù)層。
創(chuàng)建控制器類。
測(cè)試應(yīng)用。

示例：
pom.xml文件中的依賴：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Web依賴 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證依賴 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 測(cè)試依賴 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.properties文件中的配置：

# 服務(wù)器端口
server.port=8080

實(shí)體類：

import javax.validation.constraints.*;
public class Product {
    private Long id;
    @NotBlank(message = "產(chǎn)品ID不能為空")
    @Size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "產(chǎn)品ID長(zhǎng)度必須在3到10個(gè)字符之間")
    private String productId;
    @NotBlank(message = "產(chǎn)品名稱不能為空")
    @Size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "產(chǎn)品名稱長(zhǎng)度必須在2到50個(gè)字符之間")
    private String productName;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "價(jià)格必須大于等于0")
    @Max(value = 10000, message = "價(jià)格必須小于等于10000")
    private double price;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "庫(kù)存必須大于等于0")
    private int stock;
    public Product() {
    }
    public Product(Long id, String productId, String productName, double price, int stock) {
        this.id = id;
        this.productId = productId;
        this.productName = productName;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    // Getter和Setter方法
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getProductId() {
        return productId;
    }
    public void setProductId(String productId) {
        this.productId = productId;
    }
    public String getProductName() {
        return productName;
    }
    public void setProductName(String productName) {
        this.productName = productName;
    }
    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getStock() {
        return stock;
    }
    public void setStock(int stock) {
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
                ", productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", stock=" + stock +
                '}';
    }
}

Repository接口：

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@Repository
public class ProductRepository {
    private List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
    public ProductRepository() {
        products.add(new Product(1L, "P001", "手機(jī)", 1000.0, 100));
        products.add(new Product(2L, "P002", "電腦", 5000.0, 50));
        products.add(new Product(3L, "P003", "電視", 3000.0, 80));
        products.add(new Product(4L, "P004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        products.add(new Product(5L, "P005", "耳機(jī)", 300.0, 150));
    }
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return products;
    }
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().orElse(null);
    }
    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        product.setId((long) (products.size() + 1));
        products.add(product);
    }
    public void updateProduct(Product product) {
        Product existingProduct = getProductById(product.getId());
        if (existingProduct != null) {
            existingProduct.setProductId(product.getProductId());
            existingProduct.setProductName(product.getProductName());
            existingProduct.setPrice(product.getPrice());
            existingProduct.setStock(product.getStock());
        }
    }
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        products.removeIf(product -> product.getId().equals(id));
    }
}

Service類：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productRepository.getAllProducts();
    }
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        return productRepository.getProductById(id);
    }
    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        productRepository.addProduct(product);
    }
    public void updateProduct(Product product) {
        productRepository.updateProduct(product);
    }
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        productRepository.deleteProduct(id);
    }
}

控制器類：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
    @GetMapping("/")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productService.getAllProducts();
    }
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Product getProductById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return productService.getProductById(id);
    }
    @PostMapping("/add")
    public Map<String, Object> addProduct(@Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        productService.addProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "產(chǎn)品添加成功");
        return result;
    }
    @PutMapping("/edit/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> editProduct(@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        product.setId(id);
        productService.updateProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "產(chǎn)品更新成功");
        return result;
    }
    @DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> deleteProduct(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        productService.deleteProduct(id);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "產(chǎn)品刪除成功");
        return result;
    }
}

應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)類：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ValidationApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ValidationApplication.class, args);
    }
}

測(cè)試類：

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class ValidationApplicationTests {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;
    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
    }
    @Test
    void testAddProduct() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P006");
        product.put("productName", "耳機(jī)");
        product.put("price", 300.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
    @Test
    void testAddProductWithInvalidData() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P");
        product.put("productName", "");
        product.put("price", -100.0);
        product.put("stock", -10);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(false);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("errors")).isNotNull();
    }
}

? 結(jié)論：集成Spring Validation的步驟包括創(chuàng)建Spring Boot項(xiàng)目、添加所需的依賴、配置數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證、創(chuàng)建實(shí)體類、創(chuàng)建業(yè)務(wù)層、創(chuàng)建控制器類、測(cè)試應(yīng)用。

34.4 Spring Boot與異常處理的集成

Spring Boot與異常處理的集成是Java開發(fā)中的重要內(nèi)容。

34.4.1 集成Spring Boot異常處理的步驟

定義：集成Spring Boot異常處理的步驟是指使用Spring Boot與異常處理集成的方法。
步驟：

創(chuàng)建Spring Boot項(xiàng)目。
添加所需的依賴。
配置異常處理。
創(chuàng)建異常類。
創(chuàng)建異常處理器類。
測(cè)試應(yīng)用。

示例：
pom.xml文件中的依賴：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Web依賴 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證依賴 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 測(cè)試依賴 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.properties文件中的配置：

# 服務(wù)器端口
server.port=8080

實(shí)體類：

import javax.validation.constraints.*;
public class Product {
    private Long id;
    @NotBlank(message = "產(chǎn)品ID不能為空")
    @Size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "產(chǎn)品ID長(zhǎng)度必須在3到10個(gè)字符之間")
    private String productId;
    @NotBlank(message = "產(chǎn)品名稱不能為空")
    @Size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "產(chǎn)品名稱長(zhǎng)度必須在2到50個(gè)字符之間")
    private String productName;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "價(jià)格必須大于等于0")
    @Max(value = 10000, message = "價(jià)格必須小于等于10000")
    private double price;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "庫(kù)存必須大于等于0")
    private int stock;
    public Product() {
    }
    public Product(Long id, String productId, String productName, double price, int stock) {
        this.id = id;
        this.productId = productId;
        this.productName = productName;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    // Getter和Setter方法
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getProductId() {
        return productId;
    }
    public void setProductId(String productId) {
        this.productId = productId;
    }
    public String getProductName() {
        return productName;
    }
    public void setProductName(String productName) {
        this.productName = productName;
    }
    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getStock() {
        return stock;
    }
    public void setStock(int stock) {
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
                ", productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", stock=" + stock +
                '}';
    }
}

Repository接口：

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@Repository
public class ProductRepository {
    private List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
    public ProductRepository() {
        products.add(new Product(1L, "P001", "手機(jī)", 1000.0, 100));
        products.add(new Product(2L, "P002", "電腦", 5000.0, 50));
        products.add(new Product(3L, "P003", "電視", 3000.0, 80));
        products.add(new Product(4L, "P004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        products.add(new Product(5L, "P005", "耳機(jī)", 300.0, 150));
    }
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return products;
    }
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().orElse(null);
    }
    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        product.setId((long) (products.size() + 1));
        products.add(product);
    }
    public void updateProduct(Product product) {
        Product existingProduct = getProductById(product.getId());
        if (existingProduct != null) {
            existingProduct.setProductId(product.getProductId());
            existingProduct.setProductName(product.getProductName());
            existingProduct.setPrice(product.getPrice());
            existingProduct.setStock(product.getStock());
        }
    }
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        products.removeIf(product -> product.getId().equals(id));
    }
}

Service類：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productRepository.getAllProducts();
    }
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        return productRepository.getProductById(id);
    }
    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        productRepository.addProduct(product);
    }
    public void updateProduct(Product product) {
        productRepository.updateProduct(product);
    }
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        productRepository.deleteProduct(id);
    }
}

異常類：

public class ProductNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
    public ProductNotFoundException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
    public ProductNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }
}
public class ProductExistsException extends RuntimeException {
    public ProductExistsException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
    public ProductExistsException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }
}

異常處理器類：

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@ControllerAdvice
public class ProductExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleValidationExceptions(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
        ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().forEach(error -> {
            errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
        });
        result.put("success", false);
        result.put("errors", errors);
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(result);
    }
    @ExceptionHandler(ProductNotFoundException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleProductNotFoundException(ProductNotFoundException ex) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("success", false);
        result.put("message", ex.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(result);
    }
    @ExceptionHandler(ProductExistsException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleProductExistsException(ProductExistsException ex) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("success", false);
        result.put("message", ex.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CONFLICT).body(result);
    }
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleAllExceptions(Exception ex) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("success", false);
        result.put("message", "系統(tǒng)錯(cuò)誤：" + ex.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(result);
    }
}

控制器類：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
    @GetMapping("/")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productService.getAllProducts();
    }
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Product getProductById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Product product = productService.getProductById(id);
        if (product == null) {
            throw new ProductNotFoundException("產(chǎn)品不存在：" + id);
        }
        return product;
    }
    @PostMapping("/add")
    public Map<String, Object> addProduct(@Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        productService.addProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "產(chǎn)品添加成功");
        return result;
    }
    @PutMapping("/edit/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> editProduct(@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        product.setId(id);
        productService.updateProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "產(chǎn)品更新成功");
        return result;
    }
    @DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> deleteProduct(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        productService.deleteProduct(id);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "產(chǎn)品刪除成功");
        return result;
    }
}

應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)類：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ValidationAndExceptionApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ValidationAndExceptionApplication.class, args);
    }
}

測(cè)試類：

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class ValidationAndExceptionApplicationTests {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;
    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
    }
    @Test
    void testAddProduct() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P006");
        product.put("productName", "耳機(jī)");
        product.put("price", 300.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
    @Test
    void testAddProductWithInvalidData() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P");
        product.put("productName", "");
        product.put("price", -100.0);
        product.put("stock", -10);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(false);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("errors")).isNotNull();
    }
    @Test
    void testGetProductById() {
        ResponseEntity<Product> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", Product.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
    }
    @Test
    void testGetProductByIdNotFound() {
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/10", Map.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(false);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("message")).isNotNull();
    }
}

? 結(jié)論：集成Spring Boot異常處理的步驟包括創(chuàng)建Spring Boot項(xiàng)目、添加所需的依賴、配置異常處理、創(chuàng)建異常類、創(chuàng)建異常處理器類、測(cè)試應(yīng)用。

34.5 Spring Boot的實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

在實(shí)際開發(fā)中，Spring Boot數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景非常廣泛，如：

實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶注冊(cè)的數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證。
實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶登錄的數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證。
實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品信息的數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證。
實(shí)現(xiàn)訂單信息的數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證。

示例：

import javax.validation.constraints.*;
class Product {
    private Long id;
    @NotBlank(message = "產(chǎn)品ID不能為空")
    @Size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "產(chǎn)品ID長(zhǎng)度必須在3到10個(gè)字符之間")
    private String productId;
    @NotBlank(message = "產(chǎn)品名稱不能為空")
    @Size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "產(chǎn)品名稱長(zhǎng)度必須在2到50個(gè)字符之間")
    private String productName;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "價(jià)格必須大于等于0")
    @Max(value = 10000, message = "價(jià)格必須小于等于10000")
    private double price;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "庫(kù)存必須大于等于0")
    private int stock;
    public Product() {
    }
    public Product(Long id, String productId, String productName, double price, int stock) {
        this.id = id;
        this.productId = productId;
        this.productName = productName;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getProductId() {
        return productId;
    }
    public void setProductId(String productId) {
        this.productId = productId;
    }
    public String getProductName() {
        return productName;
    }
    public void setProductName(String productName) {
        this.productName = productName;
    }
    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getStock() {
        return stock;
    }
    public void setStock(int stock) {
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
                ", productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", stock=" + stock +
                '}';
    }
}
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@Repository
class ProductRepository {
    private List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
    public ProductRepository() {
        products.add(new Product(1L, "P001", "手機(jī)", 1000.0, 100));
        products.add(new Product(2L, "P002", "電腦", 5000.0, 50));
        products.add(new Product(3L, "P003", "電視", 3000.0, 80));
        products.add(new Product(4L, "P004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        products.add(new Product(5L, "P005", "耳機(jī)", 300.0, 150));
    }
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return products;
    }
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().orElse(null);
    }
    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        product.setId((long) (products.size() + 1));
        products.add(product);
    }
    public void updateProduct(Product product) {
        Product existingProduct = getProductById(product.getId());
        if (existingProduct != null) {
            existingProduct.setProductId(product.getProductId());
            existingProduct.setProductName(product.getProductName());
            existingProduct.setPrice(product.getPrice());
            existingProduct.setStock(product.getStock());
        }
    }
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        products.removeIf(product -> product.getId().equals(id));
    }
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
class ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productRepository.getAllProducts();
    }
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        return productRepository.getProductById(id);
    }
    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        productRepository.addProduct(product);
    }
    public void updateProduct(Product product) {
        productRepository.updateProduct(product);
    }
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        productRepository.deleteProduct(id);
    }
}
class ProductNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
    public ProductNotFoundException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
    public ProductNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }
}
class ProductExistsException extends RuntimeException {
    public ProductExistsException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
    public ProductExistsException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }
}
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@ControllerAdvice
class ProductExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleValidationExceptions(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
        ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().forEach(error -> {
            errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
        });
        result.put("success", false);
        result.put("errors", errors);
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(result);
    }
    @ExceptionHandler(ProductNotFoundException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleProductNotFoundException(ProductNotFoundException ex) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("success", false);
        result.put("message", ex.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(result);
    }
    @ExceptionHandler(ProductExistsException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleProductExistsException(ProductExistsException ex) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("success", false);
        result.put("message", ex.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CONFLICT).body(result);
    }
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleAllExceptions(Exception ex) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("success", false);
        result.put("message", "系統(tǒng)錯(cuò)誤：" + ex.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(result);
    }
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
    @GetMapping("/")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productService.getAllProducts();
    }
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Product getProductById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Product product = productService.getProductById(id);
        if (product == null) {
            throw new ProductNotFoundException("產(chǎn)品不存在：" + id);
        }
        return product;
    }
    @PostMapping("/add")
    public Map<String, Object> addProduct(@Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        productService.addProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "產(chǎn)品添加成功");
        return result;
    }
    @PutMapping("/edit/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> editProduct(@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        product.setId(id);
        productService.updateProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "產(chǎn)品更新成功");
        return result;
    }
    @DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> deleteProduct(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        productService.deleteProduct(id);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "產(chǎn)品刪除成功");
        return result;
    }
}
@SpringBootApplication
public class ValidationAndExceptionApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ValidationAndExceptionApplication.class, args);
    }
}
// 測(cè)試類
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class ValidationAndExceptionApplicationTests {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;
    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
    }
    @Test
    void testAddProduct() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P006");
        product.put("productName", "耳機(jī)");
        product.put("price", 300.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
    @Test
    void testAddProductWithInvalidData() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P");
        product.put("productName", "");
        product.put("price", -100.0);
        product.put("stock", -10);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(false);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("errors")).isNotNull();
    }
    @Test
    void testGetProductById() {
        ResponseEntity<Product> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", Product.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
    }
    @Test
    void testGetProductByIdNotFound() {
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/10", Map.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(false);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("message")).isNotNull();
    }
}

輸出結(jié)果：

訪問http://localhost:8080/api/products/add：返回“產(chǎn)品添加成功”。
訪問http://localhost:8080/api/products/10：返回“產(chǎn)品不存在”。

? 結(jié)論：在實(shí)際開發(fā)中，Spring Boot數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景非常廣泛，需要根據(jù)實(shí)際問題選擇合適的數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證和異常處理方法。

總結(jié)

本章我們學(xué)習(xí)了Spring Boot數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理，包括數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的定義與特點(diǎn)、異常處理的定義與特點(diǎn)、Spring Boot與數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的集成、Spring Boot與異常處理的集成、Spring Boot的實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，學(xué)會(huì)了在實(shí)際開發(fā)中處理數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理問題。其中，數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的定義與特點(diǎn)、異常處理的定義與特點(diǎn)、Spring Boot與數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證的集成、Spring Boot與異常處理的集成、Spring Boot的實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景是本章的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。從下一章開始，我們將學(xué)習(xí)Spring Boot的其他組件、微服務(wù)等內(nèi)容。

到此這篇關(guān)于Spring Boot 數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理問題小結(jié)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Spring Boot 數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證與異常處理內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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