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SpringBoot+MyBatis實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫字段加密全過程

更新時間：2026年03月02日 09:33:42 作者：CircleMouse

該文章介紹了如何使用SpringBoot和MyBatis實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫字段加密,通過自定義加密注解、加密工具類和系統(tǒng)攔截器,可以在業(yè)務(wù)層對需要加密的字段進行自動加密和解密,文章還提供了各個行業(yè)對敏感數(shù)據(jù)進行加密保護的示例,以及需要注意的事項

大致的實現(xiàn)流程

業(yè)務(wù)層-->系統(tǒng)攔截器-->數(shù)據(jù)庫-->系統(tǒng)攔截器-->返回結(jié)果

加密注解設(shè)計

把需要加密的字段通過我們自定義的加密注解進行標識，所以我們需要先自定義一段加密注解的代碼

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Encrypt {
}

實體類

在實體類上使用注解標記需要加密字段

@Data
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    
    @Encrypt
    private String password;
    
    @Encrypt
    private String email;
    
    @Encrypt
    private String phone;
}

加密工具類

基于AES加密算法實現(xiàn)對字段名的加密，大家可以選擇其他的加密算法

public class EncryptionUtil {
    privatestaticfinal String ALGORITHM = "AES";
    privatestaticfinal String TRANSFORMATION = "AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding";
    
    // AES加密
    public static String encrypt(String plainText, String key) {
        try {
            SecretKeySpec secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), ALGORITHM);
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
            byte[] encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(plainText.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedBytes);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            thrownew RuntimeException("加密失敗", e);
        }
    }
    
    // AES解密
    public static String decrypt(String cipherText, String key) {
        try {
            SecretKeySpec secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), ALGORITHM);
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
            byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(cipherText));
            returnnew String(decryptedBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            thrownew RuntimeException("解密失敗", e);
        }
    }
}

系統(tǒng)攔截器設(shè)計

通過攔截實現(xiàn)自動加密和自動解密

// 加密攔截器
@Intercepts({
    @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "update", args = {MappedStatement.class, Object.class})
})
@Component
public class FieldEncryptionInterceptor implements Interceptor {
    
    @Value("${encryption.key:mySecretKey12345}")
    private String encryptionKey;
    
    @Override
    public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        Object[] args = invocation.getArgs();
        MappedStatement mappedStatement = (MappedStatement) args[0];
        Object parameter = args[1];
        
        // 獲取SQL命令類型
        String sqlCommandType = mappedStatement.getSqlCommandType().toString();
        
        // 對INSERT和UPDATE操作進行加密處理
        if ("INSERT".equals(sqlCommandType) || "UPDATE".equals(sqlCommandType)) {
            encryptFields(parameter);
        }
        
        return invocation.proceed();
    }
    
    // 解密攔截器
    @Intercepts({
        @Signature(type = ResultSetHandler.class, method = "handleResultSets", args = {Statement.class})
    })
    @Component
    public class FieldDecryptionInterceptor implements Interceptor {
        
        @Value("${encryption.key:mySecretKey12345}")
        private String encryptionKey;
        
        @Override
        public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
            // 執(zhí)行原始方法
            Object result = invocation.proceed();
            
            // 對查詢結(jié)果進行解密處理
            if (result instanceof List) {
                List<?> list = (List<?>) result;
                for (Object item : list) {
                    decryptFields(item);
                }
            } else {
                decryptFields(result);
            }
            
            return result;
        }
    }
}