{
  "alg": "RS256",
  "typ": "JWT",
  "kid": "key-20251013-956"
}

@Service
public class DynamicKeyStore {
    // 線程安全的密鑰存儲
    private final Map<String, KeyInfo> keyStore = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
    private volatile String currentKeyId;

    // 生成新密鑰對
    public String generateNewKeyPair() {
        KeyPairGenerator generator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        generator.initialize(2048, new SecureRandom());
        KeyPair keyPair = generator.generateKeyPair();

        String keyId = "key-" + LocalDate.now() + "-" + timestamp;
        KeyInfo keyInfo = new KeyInfo(keyId, keyPair);

        // 輪換邏輯：舊密鑰標(biāo)記為非活躍，新密鑰設(shè)為當(dāng)前
        if (currentKeyId != null) {
            keyStore.get(currentKeyId).setActive(false);
        }
        currentKeyId = keyId;
        keyStore.put(keyId, keyInfo);

        return keyId;
    }

    // 根據(jù)KID獲取密鑰（支持多版本共存）
    public KeyInfo getKey(String keyId) {
        return keyStore.get(keyId);
    }
}

public String generateToken(String username, Map<String, Object> claims) {
    // 獲取當(dāng)前活躍密鑰
    var currentKey = keyStore.getCurrentKey();
    String keyId = currentKey.getKeyId();

    // 構(gòu)建JWT，設(shè)置KID
    JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder()
            .subject(username)
            .issuedAt(new Date())
            .expiration(Date.from(Instant.now().plus(24, ChronoUnit.HOURS)))
            .header().keyId(keyId).and()
            .signWith(currentKey.getKeyPair().getPrivate(), Jwts.SIG.RS256);

    // 添加自定義聲明
    if (claims != null && !claims.isEmpty()) {
        builder.claims().add(claims);
    }

    return builder.compact();
}

public Claims validateToken(String token) throws JwtException {
    // 1. 解析Header獲取KID
    String[] parts = token.split("\\.");
    String headerJson = new String(Base64.getUrlDecoder().decode(parts[0]));
    Map<String, Object> headerMap = mapper.readValue(headerJson, Map.class);
    String keyId = (String) headerMap.get("kid");

    if (keyId == null) {
        throw new JwtException("Token缺少密鑰ID (kid)");
    }

    // 2. 根據(jù)KID獲取對應(yīng)公鑰
    var keyInfo = keyStore.getKey(keyId);
    if (keyInfo == null) {
        throw new JwtException("找不到對應(yīng)的密鑰: " + keyId);
    }
    PublicKey publicKey = keyInfo.getKeyPair().getPublic();

    // 3. 使用公鑰驗證Token
    Jws<Claims> jws = Jwts.parser()
            .verifyWith(publicKey)
            .build()
            .parseSignedClaims(token);

    return jws.getPayload();
}

@Component
public class KeyRotationScheduler {

    @Value("${jwt.rotation-period-days:7}")
    private int rotationPeriodDays;

    @Value("${jwt.grace-period-days:14}")
    private int gracePeriodDays;

    // 應(yīng)用啟動時初始化
    @EventListener(ApplicationReadyEvent.class)
    public void initialize() {
        keyStore.initialize();
    }

    // 定時輪換：每天凌晨2點檢查
    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 2 * * ?")
    public void scheduledKeyRotation() {
        var currentKey = keyStore.getCurrentKey();
        long daysSinceCreation = ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(
            currentKey.getCreatedAt(), LocalDateTime.now()
        );

        if (daysSinceCreation >= rotationPeriodDays) {
            String newKeyId = keyStore.generateNewKeyPair();
            logger.info("密鑰輪換完成: {} -> {}", currentKeyId, newKeyId);
        }
    }

    // 定時清理：每天凌晨3點清理過期密鑰
    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 3 * * ?")
    public void scheduledKeyCleanup() {
        List<String> removedKeys = keyStore.cleanupExpiredKeys(gracePeriodDays);
        if (!removedKeys.isEmpty()) {
            logger.info("清理了 {} 個過期密鑰", removedKeys.size());
        }
    }
}