解讀Camunda中強(qiáng)大的監(jiān)聽(tīng)服務(wù)

更新時(shí)間：2025年09月02日 09:34:05 作者：trayvontang

本文介紹Camunda中三種常用監(jiān)聽(tīng)接口（ExecutionListener、JavaDelegate、TaskListener）及其區(qū)別,強(qiáng)調(diào)Expression和DelegateExpression的使用優(yōu)勢(shì),并指導(dǎo)Spring Boot工程搭建與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置,建議使用H2數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)簡(jiǎn)化開(kāi)發(fā)

簡(jiǎn)介

Camunda預(yù)覽了很多接口，以便于我們擴(kuò)展，其中最重要的莫過(guò)于各種監(jiān)聽(tīng)接口，本文就將接受三個(gè)最終常用的接口：

ExecutionListener
JavaDelegate
TaskListener

并介紹下面3個(gè)ListenerType的區(qū)別：

Java Class
Expression
Delegate expression

創(chuàng)建工程

我們還是使用SpringBoot來(lái)創(chuàng)建工程，可以通過(guò)下面鏈接生成一個(gè)集成Camunda的SpringBoot工程

SpringBoot Camunda工程生成

也可以直接拷貝下面的pom自己創(chuàng)建：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.example.workflow</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.camunda.bpm</groupId>
        <artifactId>camunda-bom</artifactId>
        <version>7.20.0</version>
        <scope>import</scope>
        <type>pom</type>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.camunda.bpm.springboot</groupId>
      <artifactId>camunda-bpm-spring-boot-starter-rest</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.camunda.bpm.springboot</groupId>
      <artifactId>camunda-bpm-spring-boot-starter-webapp</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.camunda.bpm</groupId>
      <artifactId>camunda-engine-plugin-spin</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.camunda.spin</groupId>
      <artifactId>camunda-spin-dataformat-all</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
      <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.1</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

如果不想使用默認(rèn)的H2數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，可以參考下面修改配置文件：application.yaml

#spring.datasource.url: jdbc:h2:file:./camunda-h2-database

camunda.bpm.admin-user:
  id: demo
  password: demo

#camunda.bpm.database:
#  schema-update: drop-create

spring.datasource:
  url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/clearn?characterEncoding=UTF-8&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
  driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  username: tim
  password: pd

兩點(diǎn)需要注意：

需要添加相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)驅(qū)動(dòng)lib
camunda.bpm.database.schema-update好像不生效，需要手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建一下Camunda相關(guān)表

自己測(cè)試，如果怕麻煩，直接使用默認(rèn)的H2數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)即可。

然后就可以直接啟動(dòng)了：

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

  public static void main(String... args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }

}

JavaDelegate

對(duì)于Camunda的服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，我們可以綁定一個(gè)Java類(lèi)，這個(gè)Java類(lèi)只需要實(shí)現(xiàn)org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.JavaDelegate接口即可。

Type選Java Class：

import org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.DelegateExecution;
import org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.JavaDelegate;

public class CustomJavaDelegate implements JavaDelegate {

    @Override
    public void execute(DelegateExecution delegateExecution) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(CustomJavaDelegate.class.getName() + "--start");
        System.out.println("getProcessInstanceId:" + delegateExecution.getProcessInstanceId());
        System.out.println("getActivityInstanceId:" + delegateExecution.getActivityInstanceId());
        System.out.println("getCurrentActivityId:" + delegateExecution.getCurrentActivityId());
        System.out.println("getCurrentActivityName:" + delegateExecution.getCurrentActivityName());
        System.out.println("getProcessBusinessKey:" + delegateExecution.getProcessBusinessKey());
        System.out.println("getProcessDefinitionId:" + delegateExecution.getProcessDefinitionId());
        System.out.println("getBusinessKey:" + delegateExecution.getBusinessKey());
        System.out.println("getEventName:" + delegateExecution.getEventName());
        Double paramA = (Double) delegateExecution.getVariable("paramA");
        String paramB = (String) delegateExecution.getVariable("paramB");
        System.out.println(paramA);
        System.out.println(paramB);
        delegateExecution.setVariable("CustomJavaDelegateP1","p1");
        delegateExecution.setVariable("CustomJavaDelegateP2",500);
        System.out.println(CustomJavaDelegate.class.getName() + "--end");
    }
}

TaskListener

對(duì)于用戶節(jié)點(diǎn)，我們可以配置TaskListener，來(lái)監(jiān)聽(tīng)用戶節(jié)點(diǎn)的一些事件，如：

create
assignment
delete
complete
update
timeout

import org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.DelegateTask;
import org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.TaskListener;

public class CustomTaskListener implements TaskListener {

    @Override
    public void notify(DelegateTask delegateTask) {
        System.out.println(CustomTaskListener.class.getName() + "--start");
        System.out.println("processInstanceId:" + delegateTask.getProcessInstanceId());
        System.out.println("getAssignee:" + delegateTask.getAssignee());
        System.out.println("getId:" + delegateTask.getId());
        System.out.println("getName:" + delegateTask.getName());
        System.out.println("getEventName:" + delegateTask.getEventName());
        System.out.println("getPriority:" + delegateTask.getPriority());
        System.out.println("getCaseDefinitionId:" + delegateTask.getCaseDefinitionId());
        System.out.println("getCaseExecutionId:" + delegateTask.getCaseExecutionId());
        System.out.println("getDueDate:" + delegateTask.getDueDate());
        System.out.println("getTaskDefinitionKey:" + delegateTask.getTaskDefinitionKey());
        System.out.println("getOwner:" + delegateTask.getOwner());
        System.out.println("getDescription:" + delegateTask.getDescription());
        System.out.println(CustomTaskListener.class.getName() + "--end");
    }
}

ExecutionListener

基本所有節(jié)點(diǎn)都可以配置Execution listener:

import org.camunda.bpm.engine.RuntimeService;
import org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.DelegateExecution;
import org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.ExecutionListener;


public class CustomExecutionListener implements ExecutionListener {

    @Override
    public void notify(DelegateExecution delegateExecution) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(CustomExecutionListener.class.getName() + "--start");
        System.out.println("getProcessInstanceId:" + delegateExecution.getProcessInstanceId());
        System.out.println("getProcessDefinitionId:" + delegateExecution.getProcessDefinitionId());
        System.out.println("getActivityInstanceId:" + delegateExecution.getActivityInstanceId());
        System.out.println("getCurrentActivityId:" + delegateExecution.getCurrentActivityId());
        System.out.println("getCurrentActivityName:" + delegateExecution.getCurrentActivityName());
        System.out.println("getProcessBusinessKey:" + delegateExecution.getProcessBusinessKey());
        System.out.println("getBusinessKey:" + delegateExecution.getBusinessKey());
        // 獲取參數(shù)
        delegateExecution.getVariable("paramA");
        // 設(shè)置參數(shù)
        delegateExecution.setVariable("paramZ","paramZValue");
        // 可以獲取ProcessEngine、RuntimeService來(lái)執(zhí)行更多的操作
        RuntimeService runtimeService = delegateExecution.getProcessEngine().getRuntimeService();
        System.out.println(runtimeService);
        System.out.println(CustomExecutionListener.class.getName() + "--end");
    }
}

部署發(fā)起流程

CustomExecutionListener開(kāi)始節(jié)點(diǎn)

com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener--start
getProcessInstanceId:646f4f07-bf4c-11ee-a70e-00ffe7687986
getProcessDefinitionId:Process_1dnzxeh:3:830657fb-bf4a-11ee-b1f6-00ffe7687986
getActivityInstanceId:null
getCurrentActivityId:StartEvent_1
getCurrentActivityName:null
getProcessBusinessKey:listener-30
getBusinessKey:listener-30
org.camunda.bpm.engine.impl.RuntimeServiceImpl@1d380352
com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener--end

CustomExecutionListener

com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener--start
getProcessInstanceId:646f4f07-bf4c-11ee-a70e-00ffe7687986
getProcessDefinitionId:Process_1dnzxeh:3:830657fb-bf4a-11ee-b1f6-00ffe7687986
getActivityInstanceId:StartEvent_1:64747f30-bf4c-11ee-a70e-00ffe7687986
getCurrentActivityId:StartEvent_1
getCurrentActivityName:null
getProcessBusinessKey:listener-30
getBusinessKey:listener-30
org.camunda.bpm.engine.impl.RuntimeServiceImpl@1d380352
com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener--end

CustomJavaDelegate

com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomJavaDelegate--start
getProcessInstanceId:646f4f07-bf4c-11ee-a70e-00ffe7687986
getActivityInstanceId:Activity_1claer7:6475dec2-bf4c-11ee-a70e-00ffe7687986
getCurrentActivityId:Activity_1claer7
getCurrentActivityName:bzService
getProcessBusinessKey:listener-30
getProcessDefinitionId:Process_1dnzxeh:3:830657fb-bf4a-11ee-b1f6-00ffe7687986
getBusinessKey:listener-30
getEventName:null
3.14
haha
com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomJavaDelegate--end

CustomExecutionListener

com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener--start
getProcessInstanceId:646f4f07-bf4c-11ee-a70e-00ffe7687986
getProcessDefinitionId:Process_1dnzxeh:3:830657fb-bf4a-11ee-b1f6-00ffe7687986
getActivityInstanceId:Activity_1xjraoy:6476c927-bf4c-11ee-a70e-00ffe7687986
getCurrentActivityId:Activity_1xjraoy
getCurrentActivityName:userTask
getProcessBusinessKey:listener-30
getBusinessKey:listener-30
org.camunda.bpm.engine.impl.RuntimeServiceImpl@1d380352
com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener--end

CustomTaskListener用戶節(jié)點(diǎn)

com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomTaskListener--start
processInstanceId:646f4f07-bf4c-11ee-a70e-00ffe7687986
getAssignee:null
getId:64771749-bf4c-11ee-a70e-00ffe7687986
getName:userTask
getEventName:create
getPriority:50
getCaseDefinitionId:null
getCaseExecutionId:null
getDueDate:null
getTaskDefinitionKey:Activity_1xjraoy
getOwner:null
getDescription:null
com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomTaskListener--end

Expression

Expression的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于不用繼承特別的類(lèi)，就可以調(diào)用相關(guān)方法。

注意：需要將類(lèi)注入容器

import org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.DelegateExecution;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * #{expressionDelegateExecution.exe(execution)}
 */
@Component("expressionDelegateExecution")
public class ExpressionDelegateExecution {

    public void exe(DelegateExecution execution){
        String processInstanceId = execution.getProcessInstanceId();
        System.out.println("ExpressionDelegateExecution:" + processInstanceId);
    }
}

表達(dá)式中的execution是內(nèi)置變量，Camunda會(huì)自動(dòng)注入一個(gè)DelegateExecution實(shí)例，還有一個(gè)常用的內(nèi)置變量task，Camunda會(huì)自動(dòng)注入一個(gè)DelegateTask實(shí)例。

Delegate Expression

Delegate Expression可以看做是加強(qiáng)版的Expression。

它最大的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)了：

ExecutionListener
JavaDelegate
TaskListener

上面的類(lèi)，Delegate Expression可以直接配置bean名稱就可以，Camunda會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)用其方法。

還是需要注入容器才行。

import org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.DelegateExecution;
import org.camunda.bpm.engine.delegate.JavaDelegate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * #{delegateExpressionComponent}
 */
@Component("delegateExpressionComponent")
public class DelegateExpressionComponent implements JavaDelegate {

    @Override
    public void execute(DelegateExecution execution) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("DelegateExpressionComponent:" + execution.getProcessInstanceId());
    }
}

流程圖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:camunda="http://camunda.org/schema/1.0/bpmn" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" xmlns:modeler="http://camunda.org/schema/modeler/1.0" id="Definitions_13pugtj" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="5.19.0" modeler:executionPlatform="Camunda Platform" modeler:executionPlatformVersion="7.20.0">
  <bpmn:process id="Process_1dnzxeh" name="service" isExecutable="true" camunda:historyTimeToLive="180">
    <bpmn:extensionElements>
      <camunda:executionListener class="com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener" event="end" />
      <camunda:executionListener class="com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener" event="start" />
    </bpmn:extensionElements>
    <bpmn:startEvent id="StartEvent_1">
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <camunda:executionListener class="com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener" event="start" />
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0eji7wy</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:startEvent>
    <bpmn:serviceTask id="Activity_1claer7" name="bzService" camunda:class="com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomJavaDelegate">
      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0eji7wy</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0c190eu</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:serviceTask>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0eji7wy" sourceRef="StartEvent_1" targetRef="Activity_1claer7" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0c190eu" sourceRef="Activity_1claer7" targetRef="Activity_1xjraoy" />
    <bpmn:userTask id="Activity_1xjraoy" name="userTask">
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <camunda:taskListener class="com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomTaskListener" event="create" id="Lid255" />
        <camunda:executionListener class="com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener" event="start" />
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0c190eu</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0383lfn</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:userTask>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="Event_0aws3kb">
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <camunda:executionListener class="com.example.workflow.delegate.CustomExecutionListener" event="start" />
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0383lfn</bpmn:incoming>
    </bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0383lfn" sourceRef="Activity_1xjraoy" targetRef="Event_0aws3kb" />
  </bpmn:process>
  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_1">
    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_1" bpmnElement="Process_1dnzxeh">
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="_BPMNShape_StartEvent_2" bpmnElement="StartEvent_1">
        <dc:Bounds x="179" y="99" width="36" height="36" />
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_04xt5m2_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1claer7">
        <dc:Bounds x="280" y="77" width="100" height="80" />
        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel />
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_1frv2ve_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1xjraoy">
        <dc:Bounds x="450" y="77" width="100" height="80" />
        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel />
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_0aws3kb_di" bpmnElement="Event_0aws3kb">
        <dc:Bounds x="602" y="99" width="36" height="36" />
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0eji7wy_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0eji7wy">
        <di:waypoint x="215" y="117" />
        <di:waypoint x="280" y="117" />
      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0c190eu_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0c190eu">
        <di:waypoint x="380" y="117" />
        <di:waypoint x="450" y="117" />
      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0383lfn_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0383lfn">
        <di:waypoint x="550" y="117" />
        <di:waypoint x="602" y="117" />
      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</bpmn:definitions>