SpringBoot如何實(shí)現(xiàn)讀取.config文件

更新時(shí)間：2025年08月28日 10:07:45 作者：程序yang

文章介紹如何在Java中讀取XML文件：通過(guò)創(chuàng)建XML數(shù)據(jù)源、定義POJO類（含父類Menudata和子類Menudatas）、編寫解析工具、實(shí)現(xiàn)Service層及Controller調(diào)用,最終使用Layui框架展示數(shù)據(jù),強(qiáng)調(diào)文件后綴轉(zhuǎn)換及層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)處理

思路分析
1、在resource目錄創(chuàng)建一個(gè)需要讀取的XML文件數(shù)據(jù)
2、建立POJO對(duì)象，將XML數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為POJO對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)
3、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)XML解析工具類
4、創(chuàng)建service接口和service實(shí)現(xiàn)類
5、創(chuàng)建Controller調(diào)用對(duì)應(yīng)的方法執(zhí)行獲取
總結(jié)

思路分析

這里以IntelliJ IDEA為例：

1、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)需要讀取的XML文件數(shù)據(jù)
2、建立POJO對(duì)象，將XML數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為POJO對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)
3、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)XML解析工具類
4、創(chuàng)建接口和實(shí)現(xiàn)類
5、創(chuàng)建Controller調(diào)用對(duì)應(yīng)的方法執(zhí)行獲取

直接進(jìn)入主題：

目標(biāo)文件：后綴為.config的文件

在Java這里需要改為.xml文件，只是后綴發(fā)生改變，內(nèi)容不變。

詳細(xì)操作

1、在resource目錄創(chuàng)建一個(gè)需要讀取的XML文件數(shù)據(jù)

源碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<root>
  <mpmenu id="1" title="智能信息" funcId="0202" image="6d0">
    <mpmenu id="101" title="問(wèn)題表" image="" funcId="0202" url="p.aspx?t=info_question" />
    <mpmenu id="104" title="索引表" image="" funcId="0202" url="p.aspx?t=info_question&typeid=2" />
    <mpmenu id="102" title="常見(jiàn)答案" image="" funcId="0202" url="p.aspx?t=info_tree&formname=info_answers" />
    <mpmenu id="103" title="專業(yè)內(nèi)容" image="" funcId="0202" url="p.aspx?t=info_tree" />
    <mpmenu id="108" title="行業(yè)關(guān)鍵字" image="" funcId="0202" url="p.aspx?t=info_keyback" />
    <mpmenu id="105" title="回復(fù)記錄" image="" funcId="0202" url="p.aspx?t=info_qalog_index" />
  </mpmenu>

  <mpmenu id="2" title="需求管理" funcId="0207" image="616">
    <mpmenu id="201" title="待審核" image="" funcId="0207" url="p.aspx?t=unit_require&status=1" />
    <mpmenu id="202" title="發(fā)布中" image="" funcId="0207" url="p.aspx?t=unit_require&status=2" />
    <mpmenu id="203" title="駁回" image="" funcId="0207" url="p.aspx?t=unit_require&status=3" />

  </mpmenu>
  <mpmenu id="3" title="商城" funcId="02" image="66a">
    <mpmenu id="301" title="商品管理" image="" funcId="0203" url="p.aspx?t=goodslist" />
    <mpmenu id="302" title="訂單管理" image="" funcId="0204" url="p.aspx?t=orderlist" />
    <mpmenu id="303" title="支付記錄" image="" funcId="0206" url="p.aspx?t=paylog" />
    <mpmenu id="304" title="待發(fā)貨" image="" funcId="0205" url="p.aspx?t=toexpress" />
    <mpmenu id="305" title="配送記錄" image="" funcId="0205" url="p.aspx?t=expresslog" />
    <mpmenu id="320" title="自提點(diǎn)管理" image="" funcId="0203" url="p.aspx?t=self_take_place" />
    <mpmenu id="350" title="排行榜" image="" funcId="0203" url="p.aspx?t=mall_ranking" />
  </mpmenu>
</root>

2、建立POJO對(duì)象，將XML數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為POJO對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)

創(chuàng)建Menudata類，作為父集（xml文件第一層<mpmenu>，即<root>下）。

源碼：

package com.example.business.bean;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;

@Data //注在類上，提供類的get、set、equals、hashCode、canEqual、toString方法，需配置lombok依賴
@AllArgsConstructor //注在類上，提供類的全參構(gòu)造
@NoArgsConstructor //注在類上，提供類的無(wú)參構(gòu)造
@XmlRootElement(name = "mpmenu")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class Menudata {
    @XmlAttribute(name = "id")
    private String id;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "title")
    private String title;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "image")
    private String image;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "funcId")
    private String funcid;

    //用于讀取mpmenu第二層的數(shù)據(jù)
    @XmlElement(name = "mpmenu")
    private List<Menudatas> menudataList;

}

由于這里用到的@Data等注解，該注解是引用lombok中，所以需要在pom.xml文件中添加依賴。

 <!--添加@Data注解依賴-->
 <dependency>
     <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
     <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
     <version>1.16.6</version>
 </dependency>

創(chuàng)建Menudatas類，作為子集（xml文件第二層<mpmenu>，即<root>下面的<mpmenu>的<mpmenu>）。

源碼：

package com.example.business.bean;


import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.*;

@Data //注在類上，提供類的get、set、equals、hashCode、canEqual、toString方法，需配置lombok依賴
@AllArgsConstructor //注在類上，提供類的全參構(gòu)造
@NoArgsConstructor //注在類上，提供類的無(wú)參構(gòu)造
@XmlRootElement(name = "mpmenu")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class Menudatas {
    @XmlAttribute(name = "id")
    private String id;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "title")
    private String title;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "image")
    private String image;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "funcId")
    private String funcid;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "url")
    private String url;

}

注意父集子集的邏輯調(diào)用，如果你的配置文件只有一層關(guān)系，則你不再需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建Menudatas。

創(chuàng)建MenudataList類，用于返回集合數(shù)據(jù)。

源碼：

package com.example.business.bean;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import java.util.List;

@Data //注在類上，提供類的get、set、equals、hashCode、canEqual、toString方法
@AllArgsConstructor //注在類上，提供類的全參構(gòu)造
@NoArgsConstructor  //注在類上，提供類的無(wú)參構(gòu)造
@XmlRootElement(name = "root")// xml 文件的根元素
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) // 控制默認(rèn)情況下是否對(duì)字段或 Javabean 屬性進(jìn)行系列化。
public class MenudataList {

    @XmlElement(name = "mpmenu")
    private List<Menudata> menudataList;

    public List<Menudata> getMenudataList() {
        return menudataList;
    }

    public void setMenudataList(List<Menudata> menudataList) {
        this.menudataList = menudataList;
    }
}

3、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)XML解析工具類

源碼：

package com.example.business.util;

import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.StringReader;

public class XmlBuilder {

    /**
     * 將XML轉(zhuǎn)為指定的POJO對(duì)象
     *
     * @param clazz 需要轉(zhuǎn)換的類
     * @param xmlStr xml數(shù)據(jù)
     * @return
     */
    public static Object xmlStrToObject(Class<?> clazz, String xmlStr) throws Exception {
        Object xmlObject = null;
        Reader reader = null;
        //利用JAXBContext將類轉(zhuǎn)為一個(gè)實(shí)例
        JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(clazz);
        //XMl 轉(zhuǎn)為對(duì)象的接口
        Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller();
        reader = new StringReader(xmlStr);
        xmlObject = unmarshaller.unmarshal(reader);
        if (reader != null) {
            reader.close();
        }
        return xmlObject;
    }
}

4、創(chuàng)建service接口和service實(shí)現(xiàn)類

service接口：

源碼：

package com.example.business.service;

import com.example.business.bean.Menudata;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 導(dǎo)航欄菜單數(shù)據(jù)
 */
public interface MenudataService {

    List<Menudata> listMenu() throws Exception;
}

service實(shí)現(xiàn)類：

源碼：

package com.example.business.serviceImpl;

import com.example.business.bean.Menudata;
import com.example.business.bean.MenudataList;
import com.example.business.service.MenudataService;
import com.example.business.util.XmlBuilder;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class MenudataServiceImpl implements MenudataService {

    @Override
    public List<Menudata> listMenu() throws Exception {
        //讀取Resource目錄下的XML文件
        Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("menudata.xml");
        //利用輸入流獲取XML文件內(nèi)容
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(resource.getInputStream(), "gb2312"));
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        String line = "";
        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
            buffer.append(line);
        }
        br.close();
        //XML轉(zhuǎn)為JAVA對(duì)象
        MenudataList menudataList = (MenudataList) XmlBuilder.xmlStrToObject(MenudataList.class, buffer.toString());
        return menudataList.getMenudataList();
    }
}

5、創(chuàng)建Controller調(diào)用對(duì)應(yīng)的方法執(zhí)行獲取

源碼：

package com.example.business.controller;

import com.example.business.bean.Menudata;
import com.example.business.service.MenudataService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class LoginController {

    //將Service注入Web層
    @Autowired
    MenudataService menudataService;

    @RequestMapping("toLogin")
    public String toLogin(){
        return "list";
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("findMenuData")
    public List<Menudata> findMenuData() throws Exception {
        List<Menudata> str = menudataService.listMenu();
        return str;
    }

}

HTML：（使用Layui框架，插件自行去官網(wǎng)下載）

HTML頁(yè)面代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="layui/css/layui.css" rel="external nofollow"  type="text/css"></link>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/admin.css" rel="external nofollow" >
<style type="text/css">
    .welcome {
        margin: auto;
        width: 400px;
        height: 350px;
        background: url("image/logos.png") no-repeat center center;
        background-size: cover;
    }

    .modal {
        display: none;
        padding: 20px;
    }

</style>

<body class="layui-layout-body">
<div class="layui-layout layui-layout-admin">
    <div class="layui-header custom-header">
        <!--左側(cè)導(dǎo)航欄收展按鈕-->
        <ul class="layui-nav layui-layout-left">
            <li class="layui-nav-item slide-sidebar" lay-unselect>
                <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="icon-font"><i class="ai ai-menufold"></i></a>
            </li>
        </ul>
        <!--右側(cè)導(dǎo)航欄狀態(tài)按鈕-->
        <ul class="layui-nav layui-layout-right">
            <li class="layui-nav-item">
                <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >
                    <img src="http://t.cn/RCzsdCq" class="layui-nav-img">
                    賢心
                </a>
                <dl class="layui-nav-child">
                    <dd><a href="">基本資料</a></dd>
                    <dd><a href="">安全設(shè)置</a></dd>
                </dl>
            </li>
            <li class="layui-nav-item"><a href="">注銷</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="layui-side custom-admin" id="menudata">
        <div class="layui-side-scroll">
            <div class="custom-logo">
                <img src="image/logo.png" alt=""/>
                <h1>后臺(tái)管理系統(tǒng)</h1>
            </div>
            <ul id="Nav" class="layui-nav layui-nav-tree layui-inline" lay-filter="demo">

            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- 嵌套層內(nèi)容 -->
    <div class="layui-body" style="height: 95%;">
        <div class="layui-tab app-container" lay-allowClose="true" lay-filter="tabs">
            <ul id="appTabs" class="layui-tab-title custom-tab"></ul>
            <div class="layui-tab-content">
                <div id="welcome" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:flex;">
                    <div class="welcome"></div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="layui/layui.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="layui/layui.all.js"></script>
<script src="/js/home.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript">
    //頁(yè)面加載事件
    window.onload = function () {
        getMenuData();
    };

    //獲取導(dǎo)航欄菜單
    function getMenuData() {
        $.ajax({
            type: "GET",
            url: "findMenuData",
            cache: false,
            success: function (data) {
                //將layui在頁(yè)面加載時(shí)渲染出來(lái)的span.layui-nav-bar利用DOM先刪除掉再重新渲染
                $('#nav').find('span.layui-nav-bar').remove();
                //console.log(data);

                //遍歷map集合
                $.each(data, function (i) {
                    var menu = '<li class="layui-nav-item">' + '<a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >' + '<i class="layui-icon layui-icon-friends"></i>' + '<em>' + data[i].title + '</em>' + '</a>';
                    if (data[i].menudataList) {
                        var menus = '';
                        $.each(data[i].menudataList, function (j) {
                            menus = menus + '<dl class="layui-nav-child">' + '<dd><a href="">' + data[i].menudataList[j].title + '</a></dd>' + '</dl>';
                        })
                        menu = menu + menus;
                    }
                    menu = menu + '</li>';
                    //console.log(menu)
                    $("#menudata ul").append(menu);
                });
                xuanran();
            }
        });
    }

    //重新渲染
    function xuanran() {
        layui.use('element', function () {
            var element = layui.element;
            var layFilter = $("#nav").attr('lay-filter');
            element.render('nav', layFilter);
        })
    }


</script>
</body>
</html>

運(yùn)行效果：