@GetMapping("/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable int id) {
    try {
        return userService.findById(id);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    }
}

public class ApiResponse<T> {
    private int code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public ApiResponse(int code, String message, T data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
        this.data = data;
    }

    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(T data) {
        return new ApiResponse<>(200, "success", data);
    }

    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> error(int code, String message) {
        return new ApiResponse<>(code, message, null);
    }

    // getter & setter
}

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
    private int code;

    public BusinessException(int code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
    }

    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }
}

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    // 處理業(yè)務(wù)異常
    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public ApiResponse<?> handleBusinessException(BusinessException ex) {
        return ApiResponse.error(ex.getCode(), ex.getMessage());
    }

    // 處理參數(shù)校驗(yàn)異常
    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    public ApiResponse<?> handleValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
        String msg = ex.getBindingResult().getFieldError().getDefaultMessage();
        return ApiResponse.error(400, msg);
    }

    // 兜底異常處理
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ApiResponse<?> handleException(Exception ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace(); // 可接入日志系統(tǒng)
        return ApiResponse.error(500, "服務(wù)器內(nèi)部錯(cuò)誤");
    }
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ApiResponse<String> getUser(@PathVariable int id) {
        if (id == 0) {
            throw new BusinessException(404, "用戶不存在");
        }
        return ApiResponse.success("用戶ID: " + id);
    }
}

{
  "code": 200,
  "message": "success",
  "data": "用戶ID: 1"
}

{
  "code": 404,
  "message": "用戶不存在",
  "data": null
}

{
  "code": 500,
  "message": "服務(wù)器內(nèi)部錯(cuò)誤",
  "data": null
}

@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public ApiResponse<?> handleException(Exception ex, HttpServletRequest request) {
    // 記錄日志信息
    ErrorLog log = new ErrorLog();
    log.setUri(request.getRequestURI());
    log.setMethod(request.getMethod());
    log.setMessage(ex.getMessage());
    log.setStackTrace(Arrays.toString(ex.getStackTrace()));
    log.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());

    errorLogRepository.save(log); // JPA 或 MyBatis 保存

    return ApiResponse.error(500, "服務(wù)器內(nèi)部錯(cuò)誤");
}

@Entity
public class ErrorLog {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    private String uri;
    private String method;
    private String message;
    private String stackTrace;
    private LocalDateTime createTime;

    // getter & setter
}

<configuration>
    <appender name="LOGSTASH" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>logs/app-log.json</file>
        <encoder class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventEncoder"/>
    </appender>

    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="LOGSTASH"/>
    </root>
</configuration>

input {
  file {
    path => "/usr/local/app/logs/app-log.json"
    codec => json
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]
    index => "springboot-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis/bot/v2/hook/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx

@Component
public class FeishuBotNotifier {

    private static final String WEBHOOK_URL = "https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis/bot/v2/hook/xxxxxx";

    private final RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

    public void sendAlert(String title, String content) {
        Map<String, Object> body = new HashMap<>();
        body.put("msg_type", "text");
        Map<String, String> text = new HashMap<>();
        text.put("text", String.format("【異常告警】\n標(biāo)題: %s\n詳情: %s", title, content));
        body.put("content", text);

        restTemplate.postForEntity(WEBHOOK_URL, body, String.class);
    }
}

@RestControllerAdvice
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    private final FeishuBotNotifier feishuBotNotifier;

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ApiResponse<?> handleException(Exception ex, HttpServletRequest request) {
        // 構(gòu)造告警信息
        String title = "SpringBoot 服務(wù)異常";
        String content = String.format("URI: %s\nMethod: %s\n錯(cuò)誤: %s",
                request.getRequestURI(), request.getMethod(), ex.getMessage());

        // 發(fā)送飛書告警
        feishuBotNotifier.sendAlert(title, content);

        ex.printStackTrace();
        return ApiResponse.error(500, "服務(wù)器內(nèi)部錯(cuò)誤");
    }
}

【異常告警】
標(biāo)題: SpringBoot 服務(wù)異常
詳情: 
URI: /user/0
Method: GET
錯(cuò)誤: 用戶不存在