# 公共配置（所有環(huán)境共享）
server.port=8080 # 默認(rèn)端口（可被環(huán)境配置覆蓋）
spring.application.name=multi-env-demo

# 開發(fā)環(huán)境配置
server.port=8081
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db
spring.datasource.username=dev_user
spring.datasource.password=dev_pwd

# 測(cè)試環(huán)境配置
server.port=8082
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://test-server:3306/test_db
spring.datasource.username=test_user
spring.datasource.password=test_pwd

# 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境配置
server.port=80
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://prod-server:3306/prod_db
spring.datasource.username=prod_user
spring.datasource.password=prod_pwd

# application.yml
# 公共配置
spring:
  application:
    name: multi-env-demo
  profiles:
    active: dev # 默認(rèn)激活開發(fā)環(huán)境
# 開發(fā)環(huán)境（通過---分隔）
---
spring:
  profiles: dev
server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db
    username: dev_user
    password: dev_pwd
# 測(cè)試環(huán)境
---
spring:
  profiles: test
server:
  port: 8082
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://test-server:3306/test_db
    username: test_user
    password: test_pwd
# 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境
---
spring:
  profiles: prod
server:
  port: 80
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://prod-server:3306/prod_db
    username: prod_user
    password: prod_pwd

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class EnvController {
    // 讀取端口號(hào)
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private int port;
    // 讀取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)URL（支持默認(rèn)值：${key:默認(rèn)值}）
    @Value("${spring.datasource.url:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/default_db}")
    private String dbUrl;
    @GetMapping("/env")
    public String getEnvInfo() {
        return "當(dāng)前端口：" + port + "，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)地址：" + dbUrl;
    }
}

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
// 綁定前綴為"spring.datasource"的配置
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
@Component // 注冊(cè)為Spring組件
public class DataSourceProperties {
    private String url;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String driverClassName;
    // 必須提供getter和setter（Spring通過setter注入）
    public String getUrl() { return url; }
    public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; }
    public String getUsername() { return username; }
    public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }
    public String getPassword() { return password; }
    public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; }
    public String getDriverClassName() { return driverClassName; }
    public void setDriverClassName(String driverClassName) { this.driverClassName = driverClassName; }
}

# application.yml（開發(fā)環(huán)境）
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db
    username: dev_user
    password: dev_pwd
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class EnvController {
    @Autowired
    private DataSourceProperties dataSourceProps;
    @GetMapping("/db")
    public String getDbInfo() {
        return "數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置：" + 
               "URL=" + dataSourceProps.getUrl() + 
               "，用戶名=" + dataSourceProps.getUsername();
    }
}

# 自定義支付配置
pay:
  api:
    url: https://pay-dev-api.com
    timeout: 3000 # 超時(shí)時(shí)間（毫秒）
  merchant:
    id: dev_merchant_123
    key: dev_pay_key
  supported-types: # 支持的支付方式（列表）
    - WECHAT
    - ALIPAY

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.List;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "pay")
@Component
public class PayProperties {
    private Api api;
    private Merchant merchant;
    private List<String> supportedTypes;
    // 內(nèi)部類：API配置
    public static class Api {
        private String url;
        private int timeout;
        // getter和setter
    }
    // 內(nèi)部類：商戶配置
    public static class Merchant {
        private String id;
        private String key;
        // getter和setter
    }
    // 外部類的getter和setter
    public Api getApi() { return api; }
    public void setApi(Api api) { this.api = api; }
    public Merchant getMerchant() { return merchant; }
    public void setMerchant(Merchant merchant) { this.merchant = merchant; }
    public List<String> getSupportedTypes() { return supportedTypes; }
    public void setSupportedTypes(List<String> supportedTypes) { this.supportedTypes = supportedTypes; }
}

@Autowired
private PayProperties payProps;
@GetMapping("/pay")
public String getPayInfo() {
    return "支付API：" + payProps.getApi().getUrl() + 
           "，支持方式：" + payProps.getSupportedTypes();
}

# application.yml
spring:
  profiles:
    active: test # 默認(rèn)激活測(cè)試環(huán)境

# application.properties
spring.profiles.active=prod # 默認(rèn)激活生產(chǎn)環(huán)境

# 啟動(dòng)開發(fā)環(huán)境
java -jar multi-env-demo.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev
# 啟動(dòng)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境（指定端口）
java -jar multi-env-demo.jar --spring.profiles.active=prod --server.port=8080

# Linux環(huán)境設(shè)置環(huán)境變量
export SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=prod
# 啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目（自動(dòng)讀取環(huán)境變量）
java -jar multi-env-demo.jar

FROM openjdk:8-jdk-slim
ENV SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=prod # 設(shè)置環(huán)境變量
COPY target/multi-env-demo.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]

<project>
    <!-- ... 其他配置 ... -->
    <profiles>
        <!-- 開發(fā)環(huán)境 -->
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> <!-- 默認(rèn)激活開發(fā)環(huán)境 -->
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <spring.profile.active>dev</spring.profile.active> <!-- 對(duì)應(yīng)Spring環(huán)境標(biāo)識(shí) -->
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <!-- 測(cè)試環(huán)境 -->
        <profile>
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <spring.profile.active>test</spring.profile.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <!-- 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境 -->
        <profile>
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <spring.profile.active>prod</spring.profile.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <!-- 開啟資源過濾：替換配置文件中的${變量} -->
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
</project>

# application.yml
spring:
  profiles:
    active: @spring.profile.active@ # 由Maven打包時(shí)替換

# 打包開發(fā)環(huán)境（默認(rèn)）
mvn clean package
# 打包測(cè)試環(huán)境
mvn clean package -P test
# 打包生產(chǎn)環(huán)境
mvn clean package -P prod

java -jar target/multi-env-demo.jar # 自動(dòng)使用打包時(shí)指定的環(huán)境

# 公共配置（application.yml）
server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
# 開發(fā)環(huán)境配置（application-dev.yml）
server:
  port: 8081 # 覆蓋公共配置的8080
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db # 新增配置

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.ulisesbocchio</groupId>
    <artifactId>jasypt-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.4</version>
</dependency>

jasypt:
  encryptor:
    password: ${JASYPT_PASSWORD:dev_key} # 開發(fā)環(huán)境默認(rèn)密鑰，生產(chǎn)環(huán)境從環(huán)境變量獲取

import org.jasypt.encryption.StringEncryptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class EncryptRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Autowired
    private StringEncryptor encryptor;
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        String password = "prod_pwd";
        String encrypted = encryptor.encrypt(password);
        System.out.println("加密后：" + encrypted); // 輸出如：EbfYkitulv73I2p0mXI50Q==
    }
}

spring:
  datasource:
    password: ENC(EbfYkitulv73I2p0mXI50Q==)

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "pay.api")
@Component
@Validated // 開啟校驗(yàn)
public class PayApiProperties {
    @NotEmpty(message = "支付API地址不能為空")
    private String url;
    @Min(value = 1000, message = "超時(shí)時(shí)間不能小于1000毫秒")
    private int timeout;
    // getter和setter
}

Binding to target org.springframework.boot.context.properties.bind.BindException: 
Failed to bind properties under 'pay.api' to com.example.config.PayApiProperties failed:
    Property: pay.api.url
    Value: null
    Reason: 支付API地址不能為空