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使用WPF在Windows實(shí)現(xiàn)任務(wù)欄縮略圖效果

更新時(shí)間：2025年06月03日 09:45:10 作者：WPF開發(fā)者

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了如何使用WPF在Windows實(shí)現(xiàn)任務(wù)欄縮略圖效果,文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì),感興趣的小伙伴可以跟隨小編一起學(xué)習(xí)一下

WPF 在 Windows 實(shí)現(xiàn)任務(wù)欄縮略圖

框架支持.NET4 至 .NET8；
Visual Studio 2022;

在 Windows Vista 系統(tǒng)上，微軟首次推出任務(wù)欄縮略圖預(yù)覽功能。

Windows 任務(wù)欄中，當(dāng)我們將窗口最小化并將鼠標(biāo)懸停在圖標(biāo)上，會(huì)顯示一個(gè)窗口預(yù)覽縮略圖。通過 Windows DWM（Desktop Window Manager）[3]提供的 API，我們可以自定義這個(gè)縮略圖的內(nèi)容，實(shí)現(xiàn)類似音樂播放器當(dāng)前播放的音樂封面圖。

1. 修改 WindowHelpers.cs

先檢查 window 是否為 null 或 imagePath 是否為空。

使用 WindowInteropHelper 獲取 window 的句柄 (hwnd);

注冊(cè)窗口消息鉤子，監(jiān)聽 DWM 消息；

window.ShowInTaskbar = true;設(shè)置 Window 有任務(wù)欄圖標(biāo)，否則無法顯示預(yù)覽縮略圖。

public static void SetIconicThumbnail(this Window window, string imagePath)
{
    if (window == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(imagePath)) return;
    if (!File.Exists(imagePath)) return;
    IntPtr hwnd = new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle;
    int size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(int));
    IntPtr pBool = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);
    try
    {
        Marshal.WriteInt32(pBool, 1);
        Win32.DwmSetWindowAttribute(hwnd, DwmWindowAttributes.FORCE_ICONIC_REPRESENTATION, pBool, size);
        Win32.DwmSetWindowAttribute(hwnd, DwmWindowAttributes.HAS_ICONIC_BITMAP, pBool, size);
    }
    finally
    {
        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pBool);
    }
    var source = HwndSource.FromHwnd(hwnd);
    if (source != null)
    {
        source.AddHook(new HwndSourceHook((IntPtr hwnd2, int msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, refbool handled) =>
        {
            if (msg == WindowsMessageCodes.WM_DWMSENDICONICTHUMBNAIL)
            {
                int width = ((int)((((long)lParam) >> 16) & 0xFFFF));
                int height = ((int)((long)lParam & 0xFFFF));
                try
                {
                    using (var bmp = new Bitmap(imagePath))
                    using (var resized = new Bitmap(bmp, new Size(width, height)))
                    {
                        IntPtr hBitmap = resized.GetHbitmap();
                        Win32.DwmSetIconicThumbnail(hwnd2, hBitmap, (int)DwmWindowAttributes.None);
                        Win32.DeleteObject(hBitmap);
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    thrownew Exception($"DwmSetIconicThumbnail error :{ex.Message}!");
                }

                handled = true;
            }

            return IntPtr.Zero;
        }));
    }
    Win32.DwmInvalidateIconicBitmaps(hwnd);
    window.ShowInTaskbar = true;
}

2. 修改 Win32.cs

DwmSetWindowAttribute 設(shè)置打開縮略圖顯示圖片；

DwmSetIconicThumbnail 設(shè)置自定義縮略圖給任務(wù)欄；

DwmInvalidateIconicBitmaps 通知 DWM 當(dāng)前的縮略圖無效，重新請(qǐng)求；

WM_DWMSENDICONICTHUMBNAILDWM 向窗口發(fā)送消息，請(qǐng)求新的縮略圖；

DeleteObject() 手動(dòng)釋放 GDI ，避免內(nèi)存泄漏；

[DllImport(Gdi32)]
public static extern bool DeleteObject(IntPtr hObject);

[DllImport(DwmApi)]
public static extern int DwmSetIconicThumbnail(IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr hbmp, int dwSITFlags);

[DllImport(DwmApi)]
public static extern int DwmSetWindowAttribute(IntPtr hwnd, DwmWindowAttributes dwAttribute, IntPtr pvAttribute, int cbAttribute);

[DllImport(DwmApi)]
public static extern int DwmInvalidateIconicBitmaps(IntPtr hwnd);

internalclassWindowsMessageCodes
{
    publicconstint WM_DWMSENDICONICTHUMBNAIL = 0x0323;
}

[Flags]
publicenum DwmWindowAttributes : uint
{
    None = 0, 
    DISPLAYFRAME = 1,
    FORCE_ICONIC_REPRESENTATION = 7,
    HAS_ICONIC_BITMAP = 10
}

3. 新增 IconicThumbnailWindowExample.xaml

新增兩個(gè)按鈕切換圖片，BtnPrevious_Click 和 BtnNext_Click。

Image 控件用于顯示任務(wù)欄的縮略圖。

<wd:Window
    x:Class="WPFDevelopers.Sample.ExampleViews.IconicThumbnailWindowExample"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:converts="clr-namespace:WPFDevelopers.Sample.Converts"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPFDevelopers.Sample.ExampleViews"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    xmlns:model="clr-namespace:WPFDevelopers.Sample.Models"
    xmlns:wd="https://github.com/WPFDevelopersOrg/WPFDevelopers"
    Title="IconicThumbnailWindowExample"
    Width="600"
    Height="450"
    Icon="pack://application:,,,/WPFDevelopers.Samples;component/WPFDevelopers.ico"
    WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen"
    mc:Ignorable="d">
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="7*" />
            <RowDefinition Height="3*" />
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Image
            x:Name="ImagePreview"
            Width="200"
            Height="200"
            VerticalAlignment="Bottom" />
        <StackPanel
            Grid.Row="1"
            HorizontalAlignment="Center"
            VerticalAlignment="Center"
            wd:PanelHelper.Spacing="3"
            Orientation="Horizontal">
            <Button
                x:Name="BtnPrevious"
                Width="50"
                Height="50"
                Click="BtnPrevious_Click">
                <wd:PathIcon Width="10" Kind="Previous" />
            </Button>
            <Button
                x:Name="BtnNext"
                Width="50"
                Height="50"
                Click="BtnNext_Click">
                <wd:PathIcon Width="10" Kind="Next" />
            </Button>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</wd:Window>

4. 新增 IconicThumbnailWindowExample.xaml.cs

BtnNext_ClickcurrentFileIndex = (currentFileIndex + 1) % fileList.Count; 通過代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)圖片循環(huán)切換：每次點(diǎn)擊按鈕時(shí)，currentFileIndex 會(huì)增加 1，如果超過了 fileList 的最大索引，回到第一個(gè)圖片。。

BtnPrevious_ClickcurrentFileIndex = (currentFileIndex - 1 + fileList.Count) % fileList.Count; 通過代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)圖片循環(huán)切換：每次點(diǎn)擊按鈕時(shí)，currentFileIndex 會(huì)減少 1，并且如果當(dāng)前索引小于 0，回到最后一張圖片。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using WPFDevelopers.Helpers;

namespaceWPFDevelopers.Sample.ExampleViews
{
    /// <summary>
    /// IconicThumbnailWindowExample.xaml 的交互邏輯
    /// </summary>
    publicpartialclassIconicThumbnailWindowExample
    {
        private List<string> fileList = new List<string>(); 
        privateint currentFileIndex = -1;
        public IconicThumbnailWindowExample()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            Loaded += IconicThumbnailWindowExample_Loaded;
        }

        private void IconicThumbnailWindowExample_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            fileList.Clear();
            currentFileIndex = -1;
            var directorys = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "IconicThumbnail");
            if (!Directory.Exists(directorys)) return;
            string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(directorys);
            fileList.AddRange(files);
        }

        private void BtnPrevious_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (fileList.Count == 0) return;
            currentFileIndex = (currentFileIndex + 1) % fileList.Count;
            var img = fileList[currentFileIndex];
            ImagePreview.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(img));
            this.SetIconicThumbnail(img);
        }
        private void BtnNext_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (fileList.Count == 0) return;
            currentFileIndex = (currentFileIndex - 1 + fileList.Count) % fileList.Count;
            var img = fileList[currentFileIndex];
            ImagePreview.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(img));
            this.SetIconicThumbnail(img);
        }
    }
}

效果如下