// 添加Flyway依賴
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.flywaydb</groupId>
    <artifactId>flyway-core</artifactId>
</dependency>

// application.properties配置
spring.flyway.enabled=true
spring.flyway.baseline-on-migrate=true
spring.flyway.locations=classpath:db/migration
spring.flyway.table=flyway_schema_history
Flyway的遷移腳本命名規(guī)則為：V<版本號>__<描述>.sql，例如V1__Create_User_Table.sql。以下是一個簡單的遷移腳本示例：
-- V1__Create_User_Table.sql
CREATE TABLE user (
    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

// 添加Liquibase依賴
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.liquibase</groupId>
    <artifactId>liquibase-core</artifactId>
</dependency>

// application.properties配置
spring.liquibase.enabled=true
spring.liquibase.change-log=classpath:db/changelog/master.xml
spring.liquibase.default-schema=public
spring.liquibase.contexts=dev,test,prod
Liquibase的XML格式changelog示例：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
        xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
         http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-4.10.xsd">

    <changeSet id="1" author="john.doe">
        <createTable tableName="user">
            <column name="id" type="BIGINT">
                <constraints primaryKey="true" nullable="false"/>
            </column>
            <column name="username" type="VARCHAR(50)">
                <constraints nullable="false"/>
            </column>
            <column name="email" type="VARCHAR(100)">
                <constraints nullable="false"/>
            </column>
            <column name="created_at" type="TIMESTAMP" defaultValueComputed="CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"/>
        </createTable>
    </changeSet>

    <changeSet id="2" author="john.doe">
        <addColumn tableName="user">
            <column name="status" type="VARCHAR(20)" defaultValue="ACTIVE"/>
        </addColumn>
    </changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog>

// 禁用Hibernate自動DDL生成
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=validate

// 使用Hibernate的SchemaExport生成SQL腳本
public class SchemaExporter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
                .configure("hibernate.cfg.xml")
                .build();
        MetadataSources sources = new MetadataSources(registry);
        Metadata metadata = sources.buildMetadata();
        SchemaExport schemaExport = new SchemaExport();
        schemaExport.setFormat(true);
        schemaExport.setOutputFile("src/main/resources/db/migration/V1__Initial_Schema.sql");
        schemaExport.createOnly(EnumSet.of(TargetType.SCRIPT), metadata);
    }
}

// 添加liquibase-hibernate5依賴
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.liquibase.ext</groupId>
    <artifactId>liquibase-hibernate5</artifactId>
</dependency>

// 使用Hibernate實體生成Liquibase changelog
liquibase:generateChangeLog \
  --changeLogFile=src/main/resources/db/changelog/changes/auto-generated-changelog.xml \
  --url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb \
  --username=sa \
  --password=password \
  --referenceUrl=hibernate:spring:com.example.entity?dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect