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springboot集成Lucene的詳細(xì)指南

更新時(shí)間：2025年05月04日 08:04:02 作者：搬磚牛馬人

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了springboot集成Lucene的詳細(xì)指南,文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì),具有一定的借鑒價(jià)值,感興趣的小伙伴可以跟隨小編一起學(xué)習(xí)一下

添加依賴

在 Spring Boot 項(xiàng)目的 pom.xml 文件中添加 Lucene 的依賴，常用的核心依賴和中文分詞器依賴如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId>
    <artifactId>lucene-core</artifactId>
    <version>8.11.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId>
    <artifactId>lucene-analyzers-common</artifactId>
    <version>8.11.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.wltea</groupId>
    <artifactId>ik-analyzer</artifactId>
    <version>20200623</version>
</dependency>

創(chuàng)建配置類

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)配置類，對(duì) Lucene 的相關(guān)組件進(jìn)行配置，如索引目錄、分詞器等：

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
 
@Configuration
public class LuceneConfig {
 
    private final String indexPath = "indexDir"; // 索引存儲(chǔ)路徑
 
    @Bean
    public Directory directory() throws Exception {
        return FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexPath));
    }
 
    @Bean
    public Analyzer analyzer() {
        return new StandardAnalyzer(); // 可替換為其他分詞器，如 IKAnalyzer
    }
}

創(chuàng)建實(shí)體類

根據(jù)實(shí)際需求創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)體類，用于表示要索引的文檔對(duì)象，例如：

public class Book {
    private String id;
    private String title;
    private String author;
    private String content;
    // 省略getter、setter等方法
}

創(chuàng)建索引服務(wù)類

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)服務(wù)類，用于處理索引相關(guān)的操作，如創(chuàng)建索引、添加文檔、刪除文檔等：

import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.*;
import org.apache.lucene.search.*;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
@Service
public class LuceneIndexService {
 
    @Autowired
    private Directory directory;
 
    @Autowired
    private Analyzer analyzer;
 
    // 創(chuàng)建索引
    public void createIndex(List<Book> bookList) throws IOException {
        IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
        IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(directory, config);
        for (Book book : bookList) {
            Document doc = new Document();
            doc.add(new TextField("id", book.getId(), Field.Store.YES));
            doc.add(new TextField("title", book.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES));
            doc.add(new TextField("author", book.getAuthor(), Field.Store.YES));
            doc.add(new TextField("content", book.getContent(), Field.Store.YES));
            writer.addDocument(doc);
        }
        writer.close();
    }
 
    // 添加文檔到索引
    public void addDocument(Book book) throws IOException {
        IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
        IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(directory, config);
        Document doc = new Document();
        doc.add(new TextField("id", book.getId(), Field.Store.YES));
        doc.add(new TextField("title", book.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES));
        doc.add(new TextField("author", book.getAuthor(), Field.Store.YES));
        doc.add(new TextField("content", book.getContent(), Field.Store.YES));
        writer.addDocument(doc);
        writer.close();
    }
 
    // 刪除文檔
    public void deleteDocument(String id) throws IOException {
        IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
        IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(directory, config);
        writer.deleteDocuments(new Term("id", id));
        writer.forceMergeDeletes();
        writer.close();
    }
}

創(chuàng)建搜索服務(wù)類

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)服務(wù)類，用于處理搜索相關(guān)的操作，如簡(jiǎn)單搜索、高亮搜索等：

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.*;
import org.apache.lucene.search.highlight.*;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
@Service
public class LuceneSearchService {
 
    @Autowired
    private Directory directory;
 
    @Autowired
    private Analyzer analyzer;
 
    // 簡(jiǎn)單搜索
    public List<Document> search(String queryStr) throws Exception {
        DirectoryReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(directory);
        IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(reader);
        QueryParser parser = new QueryParser("content", analyzer);
        Query query = parser.parse(queryStr);
        TopDocs results = searcher.search(query, 10);
        List<Document> docs = new ArrayList<>();
        for (ScoreDoc scoreDoc : results.scoreDocs) {
            docs.add(searcher.doc(scoreDoc.doc));
        }
        reader.close();
        return docs;
    }
 
    // 高亮搜索
    public List<Map<String, String>> searchWithHighlight(String queryStr) throws Exception {
        DirectoryReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(directory);
        IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(reader);
        QueryParser parser = new QueryParser("content", analyzer);
        Query query = parser.parse(queryStr);
        TopDocs results = searcher.search(query, 10);
        List<Map<String, String>> docs = new ArrayList<>();
 
        SimpleHTMLFormatter htmlFormatter = new SimpleHTMLFormatter("<span style='color:red'>", "</span>");
        Highlighter highlighter = new Highlighter(htmlFormatter, new QueryScorer(query));
 
        for (ScoreDoc scoreDoc : results.scoreDocs) {
            Document doc = searcher.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
            String content = doc.get("content");
            TokenStream tokenStream = analyzer.tokenStream("content", new StringReader(content));
            String highlightedText = highlighter.getBestFragment(tokenStream, content);
 
            Map<String, String> docMap = new HashMap<>();
            docMap.put("id", doc.get("id"));
            docMap.put("title", doc.get("title"));
            docMap.put("author", doc.get("author"));
            docMap.put("content", highlightedText != null ? highlightedText : content);
            docs.add(docMap);
        }
        reader.close();
        return docs;
    }
}

創(chuàng)建控制器類

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)控制器類，用于處理 HTTP 請(qǐng)求，并調(diào)用相應(yīng)的服務(wù)類方法：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/search")
public class SearchController {
 
    @Autowired
    private LuceneIndexService luceneIndexService;
 
    @Autowired
    private LuceneSearchService luceneSearchService;
 
    // 創(chuàng)建索引
    @PostMapping("/index")
    public String createIndex(@RequestBody List<Book> bookList) {
        try {
            luceneIndexService.createIndex(bookList);
            return "索引創(chuàng)建成功";
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "索引創(chuàng)建失敗";
        }
    }
 
    // 搜索結(jié)果
    @GetMapping
    public List<Document> search(@RequestParam String query) {
        try {
            return luceneSearchService.search(query);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }
 
    // 高亮搜索
    @GetMapping("/highlight")
    public List<Map<String, String>> searchWithHighlight(@RequestParam String query) {
        try {
            return luceneSearchService.searchWithHighlight(query);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }
}

使用示例

此外，還可以根據(jù)實(shí)際需求對(duì)上述代碼進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展和優(yōu)化，例如添加更復(fù)雜的查詢條件、實(shí)現(xiàn)分頁(yè)功能、優(yōu)化索引的性能等。

創(chuàng)建索引：?jiǎn)?dòng) Spring Boot 應(yīng)用后，發(fā)送一個(gè) POST 請(qǐng)求到http://localhost:8080/search/index，請(qǐng)求體中包含要索引的圖書列表，如：

[
    {
        "id": "1",
        "title": " Lucene in Action ",
        "author": "Robert Muir",
        "content": "Lucene is a search library from Apache"
    },
    {
        "id": "2",
        "title": " Java編程思想 ",
        "author": "Bruce Eckel",
        "content": "Java is a programming language"
    }
]

簡(jiǎn)單搜索：發(fā)送一個(gè) GET 請(qǐng)求到http://localhost:8080/search/?query=Java，即可搜索出與“Java”相關(guān)的文檔。

高亮搜索：發(fā)送一個(gè) GET 請(qǐng)求到http://localhost:8080/search/highlight/?query=Java，即可搜索出與“Java”相關(guān)的文檔，并且搜索結(jié)果中的“Java”會(huì)以高亮顯示。

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