詳細講解AsyncTask使用說明(值得收藏)
概念
AsyncTask:異步任務,從字面上來說,就是在我們的UI主線程運行的時候,異步的完成一些操作。AsyncTask允許我們的執(zhí)行一個異步的任務在后臺。我們可以將耗時的操作放在異步任務當中來執(zhí)行,并隨時將任務執(zhí)行的結果返回給我們的UI線程來更新我們的UI控件。通過AsyncTask我們可以輕松的解決多線程之間的通信問題。
怎么來理解AsyncTask呢?通俗一點來說,AsyncTask就相當于Android給我們提供了一個多線程編程的一個框架,其介于Thread和Handler之間,我們如果要定義一個AsyncTask,就需要定義一個類來繼承AsyncTask這個抽象類,并實現其唯一的一doInBackgroud 抽象方法。
類簡介
AsyncTask = handler + 兩個線程池的維護一個任務隊列線程池,一個執(zhí)行線程池
其中:線程池用于線程調度、復用 & 執(zhí)行任務;
Handler用于異步通信
我們來看看AsyncTask這個抽象類的定義,當我們定義一個類來繼承AsyncTask這個類的時候,我們需要為其指定3個泛型參數:
AsyncTask <Params, Progress, Result>
- Params: 這個泛型指定的是我們傳遞給異步任務執(zhí)行時的參數的類型
- Progress: 這個泛型指定的是我們的異步任務在執(zhí)行的時候將執(zhí)行的進度返回給UI線程的參數的類型
- Result: 這個泛型指定的異步任務執(zhí)行完后返回給UI線程的結果的類型
簡單例子
private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {
//忽略
}
public void onClick(View v) {
try {
URL url = new URL("http://blog.csdn.net/");
new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}執(zhí)行流程
一、在執(zhí)行完 AsyncTask.excute() 后

二、方法分析
常用的AsyncTask繼承的方法有
- onPreExecute():異步任務開啟之前回調,在主線程中執(zhí)行
- doInBackground():執(zhí)行異步任務,在線程池中執(zhí)行
- onProgressUpdate():當doInBackground中調用publishProgress時回調,在主線程中執(zhí)行
- onPostExecute():在異步任務執(zhí)行之后回調,在主線程中執(zhí)行
- onCancelled():在異步任務被取消時回調
小demo
效果圖:

Activity
public class AsyThreadActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {
@BindView(R.id.btn_click)
Button btnClick;
@BindView(R.id.progress)
ProgressBar progress;
@BindView(R.id.btn_chancel)
Button btnChancel;
@BindView(R.id.text)
TextView text;
Mythread myasythread = new Mythread();
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_asythread);
ButterKnife.bind(this);
initClcik();
}
private void initClcik() {
btnClick.setOnClickListener(this);
btnChancel.setOnClickListener(this);
myasythread.setOntextchance(new Mythread.Ontextchance() {
@Override
public void textchance(String s) {
text.setText(s);
}
@Override
public void progresschance(Integer number) {
progress.setProgress(number);
}
});
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btn_click:
myasythread.execute();
break;
case R.id.btn_chancel:
myasythread.cancel(true);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}myAsyncTAsk
public class Mythread extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,String> {
private Ontextchance ontextchance;
public Mythread() {
super();
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
int count = 0;
while(count<99){
count = count + 1;
publishProgress(count);
try {
Thread.sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
ontextchance.textchance("加載中");
super.onPreExecute();
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
ontextchance.textchance("加載完畢");
super.onPostExecute(s);
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
ontextchance.progresschance(values[0]);
ontextchance.textchance("loading..." + values[0] + "%");
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
}
@Override
protected void onCancelled() {
ontextchance.textchance("已取消");
ontextchance.progresschance(0);
super.onCancelled();
}源碼分析
好吧 ,在想寫之前剛剛好瞄到一位小哥哥的文章寫得超級好,然后我就偷懶一把,如下。
源碼分析是基于API24的源碼,我將會按照下面AsyncTask運行的過程來分析
一、主分支
首先,execute()方法,開啟異步任務
接著,onPreExecute()方法,異步任務開啟前
接著,doInBackground()方法,異步任務正在執(zhí)行
最后,onPostExecute()方法,異步任務完成
二、次分支
onProgressUpdate()方法,異步任務更新UI
onCancelled()方法,異步任務取消
主分支部分
代碼開始的地方,是在創(chuàng)建AsyncTask類之后執(zhí)行的execute()方法
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}execute()方法會調用executeOnExecutor()方法
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}AsyncTask定義了一個mStatus變量,表示異步任務的運行狀態(tài),分別是PENDING、RUNNING、FINISHED,當只有PENDING狀態(tài)時,AsyncTask才會執(zhí)行,這樣也就保證了AsyncTask只會被執(zhí)行一次
繼續(xù)往下執(zhí)行,mStatus會被標記為RUNNING,接著執(zhí)行,onPreExecute(),將參數賦值給mWorker,然后還有execute(mFuture)
這里的mWorker和mFuture究竟是什么,我們往下追蹤,來到AsyncTask的構造函數中,可以找到這兩個的初始化
public AsyncTask() {
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
return postResult(result);
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}一、分析mWorker
mWorker是一個WorkerRunnable對象,跟蹤WorkerRunnable
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}實際上,WorkerRunnable是AsyncTask的一個抽象內部類,實現了Callable接口
二、分析mFuture
mFuture是一個FutureTask對象,跟蹤FutureTask
public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
if (callable == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.callable = callable;
this.state = NEW; // ensure visibility of callable
}實際上,FutureTask是java.util.concurrent包下的一個類,參數是個callable,并且將它賦值給FutureTask類中的callable
三、回過頭來看
回到我們AsyncTask初始化mFuture,這里的參數是mWorker也就不奇怪了,因為mWorker就是一個callable,我們在上面賦值給FutureTask類中的callable就是這個mWorker
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker)
而關于mWorker和mFuture的初始化早在我們Activity中初始化好了,因為構造函數是跟AsyncTask類的創(chuàng)建而執(zhí)行的
new DownloadFilesTask()
知道了mWorker和mFuture是什么后,我們回到原來的executeOnExecutor()方法,在這里將mWorker的參數傳過去后,就開始用線程池execute這個mFuture
mWorker.mParams = params; exec.execute(mFuture);
一、分析exec
exec是通過executeOnExecutor()參數傳進來的
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params)也就是我們execute()方法傳過來的
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}這里可以看到exec就是這個sDefaultExecutor
二、分析sDefaultExecutor
我們跟蹤這個sDefaultExecutor,截取有關它的代碼
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}從SerialExecutor可以發(fā)現,exec.execute(mFuture)就是在調用SerialExecutor類的execute(final Runnable r)方法,這里的參數r就是mFuture
繼續(xù)往下走,SerialExecutor的execute()方法會將r封裝成Runnable,并添加到mTasks任務隊列中
繼續(xù)往下走,如果這時候沒有正在活動的AsyncTask任務,那么就會調用SerialExecutor的scheduleNext()方法,來執(zhí)行下一個AsyncTask任務
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}繼續(xù)往下走,通過mTasks.poll()取出,將封裝在mTask的Runnable交給mActive,最后真正執(zhí)行的這個mActive的是THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,即執(zhí)行的這個mActive,也就是包裝在Runnable里面的mFuture
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}mFuture被執(zhí)行了,也就會執(zhí)行它的run()方法
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}我們跟蹤到mFuture的run()方法中,切換到FutureTask類
public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!U.compareAndSwapObject(this, RUNNER, null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
} finally {
// runner must be non-null until state is settled to
// prevent concurrent calls to run()
runner = null;
// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
// leaked interrupts
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}這一段代碼其實就是將之前在mFutrue創(chuàng)建對象時候傳進來的mWorker交給c
Callable<V> c = callable;
然后再調用c的call()方法,也就是mWorker的call()方法
result = c.call();
代碼又重新的定位到了mWorker類的call()方法
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
return postResult(result);
}
};可以發(fā)現,這里就調用了我們的doInBackground()方法,最后還返回postResult(),我們跟蹤這個postResult()方法
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}觀察代碼,首先是getHandler(),它是一個單例,返回sHandler
private static Handler getHandler() {
synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
if (sHandler == null) {
sHandler = new InternalHandler();
}
return sHandler;
}
}也就是說postResult方法會通過sHandler發(fā)送一個MESSAGE_POST_RESULT的消息,這個時候我們追蹤到sHandler
private static InternalHandler sHandler;
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}可以發(fā)現,sHandler收到MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS消息后會調用result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]),那么我們還必須知道result是個什么東西
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
result是AsyncTask的內部類,實際上就是個實體類,用來存儲變量的
private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
final AsyncTask mTask;
final Data[] mData;
AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
mTask = task;
mData = data;
}
}result.mTask也就是AsyncTask,最后調用result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]),即AsyncTask的finish()方法,我們跟蹤到finish()方法
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}這里判斷AsyncTask是否已經取消,如果不取消就執(zhí)行我們的onPostExecute(),最后將狀態(tài)設置為FINISHED,整一個AsyncTask的方法都執(zhí)行完了,我們只需要繼承AsyncTask實現其中的方法就可以按分析的順序往下執(zhí)行了
次分支部分
在AsyncTask中的finish()方法,我們可以看到onCancelled()方法跟onPostExecute()一起的,只要isCancelled()的值為true,就執(zhí)行onCancelled()方法
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}我們代碼跟蹤isCancelled()方法
public final boolean isCancelled() {
return mCancelled.get();
}發(fā)現是在mCancelled中獲取的,那我們就必須知道這個mCancelled是什么,代碼跟蹤到mCancelled
private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
mCancelled實際上就是個Boolean對象,那我們搜索它是在哪個時候設置的
public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
mCancelled.set(true);
return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
}可以發(fā)現,只要我們在AsyncTask類中調用這個方法即可停止異步任務
而onProgressUpdate()方法,是在sHandler中執(zhí)行,sHandler收到MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS消息后,執(zhí)行,我們搜索MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS在什么時候發(fā)送的
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}可以發(fā)現,只要我們在AsyncTask類中調用publishProgress()方法即可執(zhí)行onProgressUpdate()方法
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}源碼原文:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30379689/article/details/53203556
說實話上面源碼分析寫得真好,我在看了上面的源碼感覺少了一丟丟東西,自己在額外的補充一點東西
補充:THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
/**
* 源碼分析:THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute()
* 說明:
* a. THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR實際上是1個已配置好的可執(zhí)行并行任務的線程池
* b. 調用THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute()實際上是調用線程池的execute()去執(zhí)行具體耗時任務
* c. 而該耗時任務則是步驟2中初始化WorkerRunnable實例對象時復寫的call()
* 注:下面先看任務執(zhí)行線程池的線程配置過程,看完后請回到步驟2中的源碼分析call()
*/
// 步驟1:參數設置
//獲得當前CPU的核心數
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
//設置線程池的核心線程數2-4之間,但是取決于CPU核數
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
//設置線程池的最大線程數為 CPU核數*2+1
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
//設置線程池空閑線程存活時間30s
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;
//初始化線程工廠
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
}
};
//初始化存儲任務的隊列為LinkedBlockingQueue 最大容量為128
private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);
// 步驟2: 根據參數配置執(zhí)行任務線程池,即 THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;
static {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
// 設置核心線程池的 超時時間也為30s
threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
}還有就是 我們可以通過源碼可以知道 使用AsyncTask執(zhí)行的后臺線程只有一個,這個結局看起來很悲傷。我們原以為執(zhí)行如下。
但是現實是這樣子的
被串行設置了 如下 synchronized
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
// SerialExecutor = 靜態(tài)內部類
// 即 是所有實例化的AsyncTask對象公有的
// SerialExecutor 內部維持了1個雙向隊列;
// 容量根據元素數量調節(jié)
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
// execute()被同步鎖synchronized修飾
// 即說明:通過鎖使得該隊列保證AsyncTask中的任務是串行執(zhí)行的
// 即 多個任務需1個個加到該隊列中;然后 執(zhí)行完隊列頭部的再執(zhí)行下一個,以此類推
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
// 將實例化后的FutureTask類 的實例對象傳入
// 即相當于:向隊列中加入一個新的任務
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();->>分析3
}
}
});
// 若當前無任務執(zhí)行,則去隊列中取出1個執(zhí)行
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
// 分析3
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
// 1. 取出隊列頭部任務
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
// 2. 執(zhí)行取出的隊列頭部任務
// 即 調用執(zhí)行任務線程池類(THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR)->>繼續(xù)往下看
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}好吧,我到現在還是沒有明白為什么他要如此限制,等哪位小哥哥,知道這個為什么的時候告訴我一聲,拜托拜托
如果我們還是想并行執(zhí)行,參考如下
方法一,繞過 excute 方法避免SerialExecutor 對象
方法二,繞過 excute 方法避免被轉換為 自定義線程池
方法三,在excute 方法將默認對象換為我們的 自定義線程池對象
//自定義線程池
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 60;
public static final Executor MY_THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
}
};
private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);
static {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
MY_THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
} case R.id.btAsyncTaskSerial://串行執(zhí)行
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#1 ").execute("123");
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#2 ").execute("123");
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#3 ").execute("123");
break;
case R.id.btAsyncTaskParallel://并行執(zhí)行 -- 這里使用 AsyncTask 自帶的線程池
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#1 ").executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, "123");
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#2 ").executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, "123");
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#3 ").executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, "123");
break;
case R.id.btAsyncTaskParallelByUs://并行執(zhí)行 -- 自定義線程池
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#1 ").executeOnExecutor(MY_THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, "123");
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#2 ").executeOnExecutor(MY_THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, "123");
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#3 ").executeOnExecutor(MY_THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, "123");
break;
case R.id.btAsyncTaskParallelByUs2://并行執(zhí)行 -- 自定義線程池 另外一種方式
MyAsyncTask.setDefaultExecutor(MY_THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);//替換掉默認的 AsyncTask.SERIAL_EXECUTOR
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#a ").execute("abc");
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#b ").execute("abc");
new MyAsyncTask(mActivity, "Task#c ").execute("abc");
break;重要的事再次強調我到現在還是沒有明白為什么他要如此限制,等哪位小哥哥,知道這個為什么的時候告訴我一聲,拜托拜托
Thanks
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