Java調(diào)用第三方http接口的四種方式總結(jié)
前言
在實(shí)際開發(fā)過程中,我們經(jīng)常需要調(diào)用對(duì)方提供的接口或測(cè)試自己寫的接口是否合適。很多項(xiàng)目都會(huì)封裝規(guī)定好本身項(xiàng)目的接口規(guī)范,所以大多數(shù)需要去調(diào)用對(duì)方提供的接口或第三方接口(短信、天氣等)
①通過JDK網(wǎng)絡(luò)類Java.net.HttpURLConnection;
②通過common封裝好的HttpClient;
③通過Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient;
④通過SpringBoot-RestTemplate;
一、通過SpringBoot-RestTemplate方式(其余幾種的集大成者)
目前可以采用的調(diào)用第三方接口有:
- delete() : 在特定的URL上對(duì)資源執(zhí)行HTTP DELETE操作
- exchange() : 在URL上執(zhí)行特定的HTTP方法,返回包含對(duì)象的ResponseEntity,這個(gè)對(duì)象是從響應(yīng)體中映射得到的
- execute() : 在URL上執(zhí)行特定的HTTP方法,返回一個(gè)從響應(yīng)體映射得到的對(duì)象
- getForEntity() :發(fā)送一個(gè)HTTP GET請(qǐng)求,返回的ResponseEntity包含了響應(yīng)體所映射成的對(duì)象
- getForObject() :發(fā)送一個(gè)HTTP GET請(qǐng)求,返回的請(qǐng)求體將映射為一個(gè)對(duì)象
- postForEntity() :POST 數(shù)據(jù)到一個(gè)URL,返回包含一個(gè)對(duì)象的ResponseEntity,這個(gè)對(duì)象是從響應(yīng)體中映射得到的
- postForObject(): POST 數(shù)據(jù)到一個(gè)URL,返回根據(jù)響應(yīng)體匹配形成的對(duì)象
- headForHeaders() :發(fā)送HTTP HEAD請(qǐng)求,返回包含特定資源URL的HTTP頭
- optionsForAllow() :發(fā)送HTTP OPTIONS請(qǐng)求,返回對(duì)特定URL的Allow頭信息
- postForLocation() :POST 數(shù)據(jù)到一個(gè)URL,返回新創(chuàng)建資源的URL
- put() :PUT 資源到特定的URL
1.1、RestTemplateConfig.java類
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){
return new RestTemplate(factory);
}
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
return factory;
}
}
1.2、然后在Service類(RestTemplateToInterface )中注入使用
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.swordfall.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class RestTemplateToInterface {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
/**
* 以get方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 getForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/
public User doGetWith1(String url){
ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class);
User user = responseEntity.getBody();
return user;
}
/**
* 以get方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 getForObject
* 返回值返回的是響應(yīng)體,省去了我們?cè)偃etBody()
* @param url
* @return
*/
public User doGetWith2(String url){
User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
return user;
}
/**
* 以post方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 postForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/
public String doPostWith1(String url){
User user = new User("小白", 20);
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class);
String body = responseEntity.getBody();
return body;
}
/**
* 以post方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 postForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/
public String doPostWith2(String url){
User user = new User("小白", 20);
String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);
return body;
}
/**
* exchange
* @return
*/
public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){
//header參數(shù)
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
String token = "asdfaf2322";
headers.add("authorization", token);
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
//放入body中的json參數(shù)
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
obj.put("age", age);
obj.put("name", name);
//組裝
HttpEntity<JSONObject> request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
String body = responseEntity.getBody();
return body;
}
}
二、通過JDK網(wǎng)絡(luò)類Java.net.HttpURLConnection
比較原始的一種調(diào)用做法,這里把get請(qǐng)求和post請(qǐng)求都統(tǒng)一放在一個(gè)方法里面
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class HttpUrlConnectionToInterface {
/**
* 以post或get方式調(diào)用對(duì)方接口方法,
* @param pathUrl
*/
public static void doPostOrGet(String pathUrl, String data){
OutputStreamWriter out = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
String result = "";
try {
URL url = new URL(pathUrl);
//打開和url之間的連接
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//請(qǐng)求方式
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
//conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
//設(shè)置通用的請(qǐng)求屬性
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
//DoOutput設(shè)置是否向httpUrlConnection輸出,DoInput設(shè)置是否從httpUrlConnection讀入,此外發(fā)送post請(qǐng)求必須設(shè)置這兩個(gè)
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
/**
* 下面的三句代碼,就是調(diào)用第三方http接口
*/
//獲取URLConnection對(duì)象對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出流
out = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
//發(fā)送請(qǐng)求參數(shù)即數(shù)據(jù)
out.write(data);
//flush輸出流的緩沖
out.flush();
/**
* 下面的代碼相當(dāng)于,獲取調(diào)用第三方http接口后返回的結(jié)果
*/
//獲取URLConnection對(duì)象對(duì)應(yīng)的輸入流
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
//構(gòu)造一個(gè)字符流緩存
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String str = "";
while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){
result += str;
}
System.out.println(result);
//關(guān)閉流
is.close();
//斷開連接,disconnect是在底層tcp socket鏈接空閑時(shí)才切斷,如果正在被其他線程使用就不切斷。
conn.disconnect();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if (out != null){
out.close();
}
if (br != null){
br.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**
*手機(jī)信息查詢接口:http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=手機(jī)號(hào)
* http://api.showji.com/Locating/www.showji.com.aspx?m=手機(jī)號(hào)&output=json&callback=querycallback
*/
doPostOrGet("https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "");
}
}三、 通過apache common封裝好的HttpClient
(1)httpClient的get或post請(qǐng)求方式步驟
- 生成一個(gè)HttpClient對(duì)象并設(shè)置相應(yīng)的參數(shù);
- 生成一個(gè)GetMethod對(duì)象或PostMethod并設(shè)置響應(yīng)的參數(shù);
- 用HttpClient生成的對(duì)象來執(zhí)行GetMethod生成的Get方法;
- 處理響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼;
- 若響應(yīng)正常,處理HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容;
- 釋放連接。
(2)導(dǎo)入如下jar包
<!--HttpClient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class HttpClientToInterface {
/**
* httpClient的get請(qǐng)求方式
* 使用GetMethod來訪問一個(gè)URL對(duì)應(yīng)的網(wǎng)頁實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟:
* 1.生成一個(gè)HttpClient對(duì)象并設(shè)置相應(yīng)的參數(shù);
* 2.生成一個(gè)GetMethod對(duì)象并設(shè)置響應(yīng)的參數(shù);
* 3.用HttpClient生成的對(duì)象來執(zhí)行GetMethod生成的Get方法;
* 4.處理響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼;
* 5.若響應(yīng)正常,處理HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容;
* 6.釋放連接。
* @param url
* @param charset
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, String charset){
/**
* 1.生成HttpClient對(duì)象并設(shè)置參數(shù)
*/
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
//設(shè)置Http連接超時(shí)為5秒
httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);
/**
* 2.生成GetMethod對(duì)象并設(shè)置參數(shù)
*/
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
//設(shè)置get請(qǐng)求超時(shí)為5秒
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);
//設(shè)置請(qǐng)求重試處理,用的是默認(rèn)的重試處理:請(qǐng)求三次
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
String response = "";
/**
* 3.執(zhí)行HTTP GET 請(qǐng)求
*/
try {
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
/**
* 4.判斷訪問的狀態(tài)碼
*/
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK){
System.err.println("請(qǐng)求出錯(cuò):" + getMethod.getStatusLine());
}
/**
* 5.處理HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
*/
//HTTP響應(yīng)頭部信息,這里簡(jiǎn)單打印
Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();
for (Header h: headers){
System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());
}
//讀取HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容,這里簡(jiǎn)單打印網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容
//讀取為字節(jié)數(shù)組
byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
response = new String(responseBody, charset);
System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);
//讀取為InputStream,在網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容數(shù)據(jù)量大時(shí)候推薦使用
//InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
} catch (HttpException e) {
//發(fā)生致命的異常,可能是協(xié)議不對(duì)或者返回的內(nèi)容有問題
System.out.println("請(qǐng)檢查輸入的URL!");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e){
//發(fā)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)異常
System.out.println("發(fā)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)異常!");
}finally {
/**
* 6.釋放連接
*/
getMethod.releaseConnection();
}
return response;
}
/**
* post請(qǐng)求
* @param url
* @param json
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive");
//設(shè)置json格式傳送
postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
//必須設(shè)置下面這個(gè)Header
postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
//添加請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
postMethod.addParameter("commentId", json.getString("commentId"));
String res = "";
try {
int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
if (code == 200){
res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
System.out.println(res);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return res;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
doGet("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "UTF-8");
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("commentId", "13026194071");
doPost("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", jsonObject);
}
}四、 通過Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient
CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基礎(chǔ)上修改更新而來的,這里還涉及到請(qǐng)求頭token的設(shè)置(請(qǐng)求驗(yàn)證),利用fastjson轉(zhuǎn)換請(qǐng)求或返回結(jié)果字符串為json格式,當(dāng)然上面兩種方式也是可以設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭token、json的,這里只在下面說明
(1)maven
<!--CloseableHttpClient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.28</version>
</dependency>import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
public class CloseableHttpClientToInterface {
private static String tokenString = "";
private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED";
private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
/**
* 以get方式調(diào)用第三方接口
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, String token){
//創(chuàng)建HttpClient對(duì)象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
try {
if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){
tokenString = getToken();
}
//api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭,用于token驗(yàn)證使用
get.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);
get.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
//返回json格式
String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
return res;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 以post方式調(diào)用第三方接口
* @param url
* @param json
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){
try {
if (httpClient == null){
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
}
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){
tokenString = getToken();
}
//api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭,用于token驗(yàn)證使用
post.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);
post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(json.toString());
s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
//發(fā)送json數(shù)據(jù)需要設(shè)置contentType
s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
//設(shè)置請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
post.setEntity(s);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
//返回json格式
String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
return res;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (httpClient != null){
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 獲取第三方接口的token
*/
public static String getToken(){
String token = "";
JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
object.put("appid", "appid");
object.put("secretkey", "secretkey");
try {
if (httpClient == null){
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
}
HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost/login");
post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(object.toString());
s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
//發(fā)送json數(shù)據(jù)需要設(shè)置contentType
s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
//設(shè)置請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
post.setEntity(s);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
//這里可以把返回的結(jié)果按照自定義的返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)結(jié)果,把string轉(zhuǎn)換成自定義類
//ResultTokenBO result = JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class);
//把response轉(zhuǎn)為jsonObject
JSONObject result = JSONObject.parseObject(response);
if (result.containsKey("token")){
token = result.getString("token");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return token;
}
/**
* 測(cè)試
*/
public static void test(String telephone){
JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
object.put("telephone", telephone);
try {
//首先獲取token
tokenString = getToken();
String response = doPost("http://localhost/searchUrl", object);
//如果返回的結(jié)果是list形式的,需要使用JSONObject.parseArray轉(zhuǎn)換
//List<Result> list = JSONObject.parseArray(response, Result.class);
System.out.println(response);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test("12345678910");
}
}/**
* 執(zhí)行一個(gè)HTTP POST請(qǐng)求,返回請(qǐng)求響應(yīng)的HTML
* @param url
* 請(qǐng)求的URL地址
* @param params
* 請(qǐng)求的查詢參數(shù),可以為null
* @return 返回請(qǐng)求響應(yīng)的HTML
*/
public static void doPost(String url, String name, String pwd, String phone, String content) {
// 創(chuàng)建默認(rèn)的httpClient實(shí)例.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 創(chuàng)建httppost
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
// 創(chuàng)建參數(shù)隊(duì)列
List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", name));
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("passwd", pwd));
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("phone", phone));
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("content", content));
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
try {
uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關(guān)閉連接,釋放資源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}總結(jié)
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