// 返回一個Slice，它的底層數(shù)組自ptr開始，長度和容量都是len
func Slice(ptr *ArbitraryType, len IntegerType) []ArbitraryType
// 返回一個指針，指向底層的數(shù)組
func SliceData(slice []ArbitraryType) *ArbitraryType
// 生成一個字符串，底層的數(shù)組開始自ptr，長度是len
// returns a string value whose underlying bytes start at ptr and whose length is len
// The len argument must be of integer type or an untyped constant
// A constant len argument must be non-negative and representable by a value of type int
// if it is an untyped constant it is given type int
// At run time, if len is negative, or if ptr is nil and len is not zero, a run-time panic occurs
// Since Go strings are immutable, the bytes passed to String must not be modified afterwards
func String(ptr *byte, len IntegerType) string
// 返回字符串底層的數(shù)組
// returns a pointer to the underlying bytes of str
// For an empty string the return value is unspecified, and may be nil.
// Since Go strings are immutable, the bytes returned by StringData must not be modified.
func StringData(str string) *byte

// go1.18.3/src/reflect/value.go
// SliceHeader is the runtime representation of a slice.
// It cannot be used safely or portably and its representation may
// change in a later release.
// Moreover, the Data field is not sufficient to guarantee the data
// it references will not be garbage collected, so programs must keep
// a separate, correctly typed pointer to the underlying data.
type SliceHeader struct {                                                                                      
    Data uintptr
    Len  int
    Cap  int
}

// StringHeader is the runtime representation of a string.
// It cannot be used safely or portably and its representation may
// change in a later release.
// Moreover, the Data field is not sufficient to guarantee the data
// it references will not be garbage collected, so programs must keep
// a separate, correctly typed pointer to the underlying data.
type StringHeader struct {                                                                                     
    Data uintptr
    Len  int
}

// toBytes performs unholy acts to avoid allocations
func toBytes(s string) []byte {
    return *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
}
// toString performs unholy acts to avoid allocations
func toString(b []byte) string {
    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
}

func SliceByteToString(b []byte) string {
    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
}
func StringToSliceByte(s string) []byte {
    x := (*[2]uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
    h := [3]uintptr{x[0], x[1], x[1]}
    return *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&h))
}

func Clone(s string) string {
    if len(s) == 0 {
        return ""
    }
    b := make([]byte, len(s))
    copy(b, s)
    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
}

var L = 1024 * 1024
var str = strings.Repeat("a", L)
var s = bytes.Repeat([]byte{'a'}, L)
var str2 string
var s2 []byte
func BenchmarkString2Slice(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        bt := []byte(str)
        if len(bt) != L {
            b.Fatal()
        }
    }
}
func BenchmarkString2SliceReflect(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        bt := *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&str))
        if len(bt) != L {
            b.Fatal()
        }
    }
}
func BenchmarkString2SliceUnsafe(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        bt := unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(str), len(str))
        if len(bt) != L {
            b.Fatal()
        }
    }
}
func BenchmarkSlice2String(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        ss := string(s)
        if len(ss) != L {
            b.Fatal()
        }
    }
}
func BenchmarkSlice2StringReflect(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        ss := *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
        if len(ss) != L {
            b.Fatal()
        }
    }
}
func BenchmarkSlice2StringUnsafe(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        ss := unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(s), len(str))
        if len(ss) != L {
            b.Fatal()
        }
    }
}