前言

現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)json格式的字符串，應(yīng)該怎么解析呢，這里總結(jié)了以下4種方法

1. json.Unmarshal

函數(shù)func json.Unmarshal(data []byte, v any) error就是用來解析json編碼的data，然后將結(jié)果保存在指針v指向的值里

e.g.

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
)

type user struct {
	Name    string
	Married bool
	Address struct {
		City    string
		Country string
	}
}

func main() {
	user1 := `{
		"name": "tian",
		"married": false,
		"address": {
		  "city": "beijing",
		  "country": "China"
		}
	  }`
	user1Struct := &user{}
	json.Unmarshal([]byte(user1), user1Struct)
	fmt.Printf("解碼后的結(jié)果為：%v", *user1Struct)
}

• 首先根據(jù)json數(shù)據(jù)的格式定義struct，用來保存解碼后的值。這里首先定義了一個(gè)user結(jié)構(gòu)體，然后通過json.Unmarshal進(jìn)行解碼
• 缺點(diǎn)很明顯，如果json數(shù)據(jù)很復(fù)雜，自定義的struct就跟著復(fù)雜。

程序運(yùn)行后的結(jié)果如下：

PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json數(shù)據(jù)處理\unmarshal> go run .\main.go
解碼后的結(jié)果為：{tian false {beijing China}}

2. viper.ReadConfig

使用go get -u github.com/spf13/viper 進(jìn)行下載

函數(shù)func viper.ReadConfig(in io.Reader) error用于從in中讀取數(shù)據(jù)并解析

e.g.

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"strings"

	"github.com/spf13/viper"
)

func main() {
	user1 := `{
		"name": "tian",
		"married": false,
		"address": {
		  "city": "beijing",
		  "country": "China"
		}
	  }`
	// 指定配置的類型為json
	viper.SetConfigType("json")
	// 讀取數(shù)據(jù)
	if err := viper.ReadConfig(strings.NewReader(user1)); err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("數(shù)據(jù)的所有鍵值: %v\n", viper.AllKeys())
	fmt.Printf("解析后的數(shù)據(jù)：%v\n", viper.AllSettings())
	fmt.Printf("the type of \"married\" is %s\n", reflect.TypeOf(viper.Get("married")))
	fmt.Printf("The name is %s and the country is %s\n", viper.Get("name"), viper.Get("address.country"))
}

首先要通過viper.SetConfigType("json")指定要解析數(shù)據(jù)的格式，否則即使viper.ReadConfig返回值沒有報(bào)錯(cuò)，也得不到解析后的結(jié)果?？梢圆榭?a rel="external nofollow" target="_blank">https://github.com/spf13/viper/issues/316

方法viper.Get()，viper.GetString()，viper.GetBool()等等可以方便獲取鍵值，同時(shí)對于鍵值的類型也能很好的判斷

程序運(yùn)行后的結(jié)果如下：

PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json數(shù)據(jù)處理\viper> go run .\main.go
數(shù)據(jù)的所有鍵值: [address.city address.country name married]
解析后的數(shù)據(jù)：map[address:map[city:beijing country:China] married:false name:tian]
the type of "married" is bool
The name is tian and the country is China

3. simplejson.NewJson

使用go get -u "github.com/bitly/go-simplejson"進(jìn)行下載

e.g.

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/bitly/go-simplejson"
)

func main() {
	user1 := `{
		"name": "tian",
		"married": false,
		"address": {
		  "city": "beijing",
		  "country": "China"
		}
	  }`

	user1json, err := simplejson.NewJson([]byte(user1))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
	}
	name1, _ := user1json.Get("name").String()
	city1, _ := user1json.Get("address").Get("city").String()
	fmt.Printf("The name is %s and the city is %s", name1, city1)
}

程序運(yùn)行后的結(jié)果如下：

PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json數(shù)據(jù)處理\simpleJson> go run .\main.go
The name is tian and the city is beijing

4. gojsonq.New().FromString()

使用go get -u github.com/thedevsaddam/gojsonq安裝

e.g.

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/thedevsaddam/gojsonq/v2"
)

func main() {
	user1 := `{
		"name": "tian",
		"married": false,
		"address": {
		  "city": "beijing",
		  "country": "China"
		}
	  }`

	user1json := gojsonq.New().FromString(user1)
	name1 := user1json.Find("name").(string)

	user1json.Reset()
	city1 := user1json.Find("address.city")
	fmt.Printf("The name is %s and the city is %v", name1, city1)
}

在第一次查詢name之后，手動(dòng)調(diào)用了一次Reset()方法。因?yàn)镴SONQ對象在調(diào)用Find方法時(shí)，內(nèi)部會(huì)記錄當(dāng)前的節(jié)點(diǎn)，下一個(gè)查詢會(huì)從上次查找的節(jié)點(diǎn)開始

程序運(yùn)行后的結(jié)果如下：

PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json數(shù)據(jù)處理\gojsonq> go run .\main.go
The name is tian and the city is beijing

總結(jié)

到此這篇關(guān)于golang解析json數(shù)據(jù)的4種方法的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)golang解析json數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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