CREATE TABLE user (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

INSERT INTO user (name) VALUES
('張三'),('李四'),('王五'),('趙六'),('錢(qián)七'),('孫八'),('周九'),('吳十');

SELECT * FROM user ORDER BY name;

SELECT * FROM user ORDER BY CONVERT(NAME USING gbk);

<select id="listUsers" resultType="User">
  SELECT id, name
  FROM user
  ORDER BY <![CDATA[CONVERT(name USING gbk)]]>
</select>

ALTER TABLE user
ADD COLUMN pinyin VARCHAR(100) AFTER name;

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.belerweb</groupId>
    <artifactId>pinyin4j</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.1</version>
</dependency>

public class PinyinUtil {
    /**
     * @param chinaStr 中文字符串
     * @return 中文字符串轉(zhuǎn)拼音 其它字符不變
     */
    public static String getPinyin(String chinaStr){
        HanyuPinyinOutputFormat formart = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat();
        formart.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE);
        formart.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE);
        formart.setVCharType(HanyuPinyinVCharType.WITH_V);
        char[] arrays = chinaStr.trim().toCharArray();
        String result = "";
        try {
            for (int i=0;i<arrays.length;i++) {
                char ti = arrays[i];
                if(Character.toString(ti).matches("[\u4e00-\u9fa5]")){ //匹配是否是中文
                    String[] temp = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(ti,formart);
                    result += temp[0];
                }else{
                    result += ti;
                }
            }
        } catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        return result;
    }
}

String pinyin = PinyinUtil.getPinyin(name);
user.setPinyin(pinyin);

SELECT * FROM user ORDER BY pinyin;