Mongodb中嵌套文檔數組查詢操作

更新時間：2023年07月19日 14:44:23 作者：Ethanchen's notes

這篇文章主要介紹了Mongodb對嵌套文檔數組進行查詢操作,本文通過實例代碼給大家介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價值，需要的朋友可以參考下

查詢非嵌套文檔數組

非嵌套文檔的數組，數組由數字、字符串等元素組成。以下方法對數組字段進行查詢操作的示例，包括對數組匹配查詢，元素的增、刪、改操作，空數組、非空數組查詢等。

測試數據

連接到 mongodb 數據庫，創(chuàng)建集合 user，批量插入如下測試數據：

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.insertMany([
...    { name: "user1", age: 10, letter: ["x", "y"], number: [ 2, 6 ] },
...    { name: "user2", age: 20, letter: ["z", "w"], number: [ 2, 8 ] },
...    { name: "user3", age: 30, letter: ["x", "y", "v"], number: [ 2, 21 ] },
...    { name: "user4", age: 45, letter: ["v", "x"], number: [ 2.8, 32 ] },
...    { name: "user5", age: 55, letter: ["w"], number: [ 6, 5.6 ] },
...    { name: "user6", age: 55, letter: ["y", "x"], number: [ 8, 11 ] }
... ]);
{
        "acknowledged" : true,
        "insertedIds" : [
                ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"),
                ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e495"),
                ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"),
                ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"),
                ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e498"),
                ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499")
        ]
}
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e495"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 20, "letter" : [ "z", "w" ], "number" : [ 2, 8 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e498"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "w" ], "number" : [ 6, 5.6 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }

匹配查詢

在指定數組上的使用相等條件，請使用查詢文檔 { <field>: <value> } 其中 <value>是要匹配的確切數組，包括元素的順序。

以下示例查詢數組 letter 僅包含兩個元素 [ “x”, “y” ]（按指定順序）的所有文檔：

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { letter: ["x", "y"] } ); 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b117978d24a8217001e48f"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }

如果對于排序不敏感，不關心排序，可以使用 $all 運算符，查詢包括 “x”, “y” 的元素，注意，這個是查詢要有包含兩個元素的文檔都會匹配，兩個元素都要有才行。 $all 和 $in 不同，$in 是匹配數組中指定的任何值。如下：

# 匹配包含查詢中指定的所有元素的數組。
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { letter: { $all: ["x", "y"] } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }
# 匹配數組中指定的任何值
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { letter: { $in: ["x", "y"] } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }

要查詢數組字段是否至少包含一個具有指定值的元素，請使用過濾器 { <field>: <value> } 其中 <value>是元素值。這個查詢也可以使用 $all 操作符。

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { letter: "x" } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { letter: { $all: ["x"] } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }

要指定數組字段中元素的條件, 請使用 { <array field>: { <operator1>: <value1>, … } } ，比如查詢 number 至少包含一個值大于8 的， $elemMatch ，如果數組字段中的元素符合所有指定$elemMatch條件，則選擇文檔。

# 查詢 number 至少包含一個值大于8 的
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { number: { $gt: 8 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }
# 查詢 number 至少包含一個值大于8 的 并且小于 20 的
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { number: { $elemMatch: { $gt: 8, $lt: 20 } } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }

索引下標

通過數組索引位置查詢元素, 使用點表示法，您可以為數組的特定索引或位置處的元素指定查詢條件。該數組使用從零開始的索引。注意：使用點表示法查詢時，字段和嵌套字段必須在引號內。

# 以下示例查詢數組中 number 第一個元素大于5 的所有文檔：
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "number.0": { $gt: 5 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e498"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "w" ], "number" : [ 6, 5.6 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }
# 以下示例查詢數組中 number 第二個元素大于8 的所有文檔：
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "number.1": { $gt: 8 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }

使用 $size 運算符按元素數量查詢數組。例如，以下選擇數組 letter 具有 2 個元素的文檔。通過 $size 運算符可以用來判斷數組是否為空。

# 查詢 數組 letter  具有 2 個元素的文檔
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "letter": { $size: 2 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e495"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 20, "letter" : [ "z", "w" ], "number" : [ 2, 8 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }
sit_rs1:PRIMARY>  db.user.insertMany([
...  { name: "user7", age: 10, letter: [], number: [  ] },
...  { name: "user8", age: 11, letter: [], number: [  ] }
...  ])
{
        "acknowledged" : true,
        "insertedIds" : [
                ObjectId("64b505228233a7361a2079b5"),
                ObjectId("64b505228233a7361a2079b6")
        ]
}
# 查詢 數組 letter 為空的文檔
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "letter": { $size: 0 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b505228233a7361a2079b6"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 11, "letter" : [ ], "number" : [ ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b505228233a7361a2079b5"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ ], "number" : [ ] }
# 查詢 數組 letter 為空的文檔--通過匹配的方法
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "letter": [] } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b505228233a7361a2079b6"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 11, "letter" : [ ], "number" : [ ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b505228233a7361a2079b5"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ ], "number" : [ ] }

如何查詢數組元素不為空呢？ $size 只能查詢如果數組字段具有指定大小，則選擇文檔。我們要查詢不為空的，就是數組長度大于0的數組，或者不為[]的數組?；蛘呤褂?where運算符。如下：

$where: 運算符將包含 JavaScript 表達式的字符串或完整的 JavaScript 函數傳遞給查詢系統。這提供了更大的靈活性，但要求數據庫處理集合中每個文檔的 JavaScript 表達式或函數。this使用或引用 JavaScript 表達式或函數中的文檔obj。

# \$ne匹配所有不等于指定值的值。
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "letter": { $ne: []}} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e495"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 20, "letter" : [ "z", "w" ], "number" : [ 2, 8 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e498"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "w" ], "number" : [ 6, 5.6 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }
# 查詢數組存在第一個元素，存在即不為空數組
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "letter.0": { $exists: true } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e495"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 20, "letter" : [ "z", "w" ], "number" : [ 2, 8 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e498"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "w" ], "number" : [ 6, 5.6 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }
# \$where匹配滿足 JavaScript 表達式的文檔。
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { $where:  "this.letter.length>0" } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e497"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ "v", "x" ], "number" : [ 2.8, 32 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e495"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 20, "letter" : [ "z", "w" ], "number" : [ 2, 8 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e499"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "y", "x" ], "number" : [ 8, 11 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e496"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ "x", "y", "v" ], "number" : [ 2, 21 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e498"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ "w" ], "number" : [ 6, 5.6 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b119018d24a8217001e494"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ "x", "y" ], "number" : [ 2, 6 ] }

查詢嵌套文檔數組

連接到 mongodb 數據庫，創(chuàng)建集合 user，批量插入如下測試數據：

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.insertMany([
...  { name: "user1", age: 10, letter: [{"x":"X1", "y":"Y1"}, {"x":"X2", "y":"Y2"}, {"x":"X3", "y":"Y3"}], number: [ { "n1":2, "n2":6 }, { "n1":3, "n2":3 }, { "n1":5, "n2":6 } ] },
...  { name: "user2", age: 20, letter: [{"V":"V1", "y":"Y1"}, {"V":"V2", "y":"Y2"}, {"V":"V3", "y":"Y3"}], number: [ { "n1":1, "n2":3 }, { "n1":4, "n2":5 }, { "n1":7, "n2":6 } ] },
...  { name: "user3", age: 30, letter: [{"V":"V1", "w":"W1"}, {"V":"V2", "w":"W2"}, {"V":"V3", "w":"W3"}], number: [ { "n1":1, "n2":8 }, { "n1":2, "n2":6 }, { "n1":2, "n2":6 } ] },
...  { name: "user4", age: 45, letter: [{"z":"Z1", "w":"W1"}, {"z":"Z2", "w":"W2"}, {"z":"Z3", "w":"W3"}], number: [ { "n1":9, "n2":8 }, { "n1":2, "n2":4 }, { "n1":3, "n2":6 } ] },
...  { name: "user5", age: 55, letter: [{"z":"Z1", "u":"U1"}, {"z":"Z2", "u":"U2"}, {"z":"Z3", "u":"U3"}], number: [ { "n1":7, "n2":8 }, { "n1":8, "n2":4 }, { "n1":4, "n2":6 } ] },
...  { name: "user6", age: 55, letter: [{"t":"T1", "u":"U1"}, {"t":"T2", "u":"U2"}, {"t":"T3", "u":"U3"}], number: [ { "n1":5, "n2":8 }, { "n1":8, "n2":5 }, { "n1":7, "n2":6 } ] },
... ])
{
        "acknowledged" : true,
        "insertedIds" : [
                ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b6e"),
                ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b6f"),
                ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b70"),
                ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b71"),
                ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b72"),
                ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b73")
        ]
}
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b71"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ { "z" : "Z1", "w" : "W1" }, { "z" : "Z2", "w" : "W2" }, { "z" : "Z3", "w" : "W3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 9, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b6e"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ { "x" : "X1", "y" : "Y1" }, { "x" : "X2", "y" : "Y2" }, { "x" : "X3", "y" : "Y3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b70"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "letter" : [ { "V" : "V1", "w" : "W1" }, { "V" : "V2", "w" : "W2" }, { "V" : "V3", "w" : "W3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b72"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "z" : "Z1", "u" : "U1" }, { "z" : "Z2", "u" : "U2" }, { "z" : "Z3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b73"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "t" : "T1", "u" : "U1" }, { "t" : "T2", "u" : "U2" }, { "t" : "T3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b6f"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 20, "letter" : [ { "V" : "V1", "y" : "Y1" }, { "V" : "V2", "y" : "Y2" }, { "V" : "V3", "y" : "Y3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }

以下示例選擇數組中的元素與 letter 指定文檔匹配的所有文檔：整個嵌入/嵌套文檔的相等匹配需要指定文檔的精確匹配，包括字段順序。示例 letter 數組第二個元素為： { “x” : “X2”, “y” : “Y2” } 與搜索條件匹配。

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "letter": {"x":"X2", "y":"Y2"} } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b6e"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ { "x" : "X1", "y" : "Y1" }, { "x" : "X2", "y" : "Y2" }, { "x" : "X3", "y" : "Y3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 6 } ] }
# 上面的查詢條件如果調換順序，則無法匹配?。。。?！
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "letter": {"y":"Y2", "x":"X2" } } ).count()
0

指定文檔數組中字段的查詢條件

如果您不知道數組中嵌套文檔的索引位置，請使用點 ( .) 連接數組字段的名稱。以下示例選擇 number 數組中 n1 值至少有一個大于或等于 5 的所有文檔：

注：使用點表示法查詢時，字段和索引必須位于引號內。

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { 'number.n1': { $gte: 5 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b71"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ { "z" : "Z1", "w" : "W1" }, { "z" : "Z2", "w" : "W2" }, { "z" : "Z3", "w" : "W3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 9, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b6e"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 10, "letter" : [ { "x" : "X1", "y" : "Y1" }, { "x" : "X2", "y" : "Y2" }, { "x" : "X3", "y" : "Y3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b72"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "z" : "Z1", "u" : "U1" }, { "z" : "Z2", "u" : "U2" }, { "z" : "Z3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b73"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "t" : "T1", "u" : "U1" }, { "t" : "T2", "u" : "U2" }, { "t" : "T3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b6f"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 20, "letter" : [ { "V" : "V1", "y" : "Y1" }, { "V" : "V2", "y" : "Y2" }, { "V" : "V3", "y" : "Y3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }

你也可以使用索引，為文檔中特定索引或數組位置的字段指定查詢條件。該數組使用從零開始的索引。

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { 'number.0.n1': { $gte: 5 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b71"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ { "z" : "Z1", "w" : "W1" }, { "z" : "Z2", "w" : "W2" }, { "z" : "Z3", "w" : "W3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 9, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b72"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "z" : "Z1", "u" : "U1" }, { "z" : "Z2", "u" : "U2" }, { "z" : "Z3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b73"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "t" : "T1", "u" : "U1" }, { "t" : "T2", "u" : "U2" }, { "t" : "T3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }

為文檔數組指定多個條件, 當對嵌套在文檔數組中的多個字段指定條件時，您可以指定查詢，使得單個文檔滿足這些條件，或者數組中的任意文檔組合（包括單個文檔）滿足條件。

單個文檔滿足條件

使用 $elemMatch 運算符對一組嵌入文檔指定多個條件，以便至少一個嵌入文檔滿足所有指定的條件。注意：這里是 n1 這個指段(同一文檔)滿足大于5且小于8，如果數組存在至少一個這樣的文檔，則匹配。

# 以下示例查詢數組中 number 至少有一個嵌入文檔， n1 大于5且小于8的字段的文檔：
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "number": { $elemMatch: { n1: { $gt: 5, $lt: 8 } } } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b72"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "z" : "Z1", "u" : "U1" }, { "z" : "Z2", "u" : "U2" }, { "z" : "Z3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b73"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "t" : "T1", "u" : "U1" }, { "t" : "T2", "u" : "U2" }, { "t" : "T3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b6f"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 20, "letter" : [ { "V" : "V1", "y" : "Y1" }, { "V" : "V2", "y" : "Y2" }, { "V" : "V3", "y" : "Y3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }

組合文檔滿足條件

如果數組字段上的復合查詢條件不使用運算 $elemMatch符，則查詢會選擇數組中包含滿足條件的任意元素組合的文檔，如下：注意這里是組合滿足。即數組中如果有兩個文檔組合滿足條件，即匹配。

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find( { "number.n1":  { $gt: 5, $lt: 8 } }  )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b71"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "letter" : [ { "z" : "Z1", "w" : "W1" }, { "z" : "Z2", "w" : "W2" }, { "z" : "Z3", "w" : "W3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 9, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b72"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "z" : "Z1", "u" : "U1" }, { "z" : "Z2", "u" : "U2" }, { "z" : "Z3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b73"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 55, "letter" : [ { "t" : "T1", "u" : "U1" }, { "t" : "T2", "u" : "U2" }, { "t" : "T3", "u" : "U3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 8, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b621ad9be837dc8e997b6f"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 20, "letter" : [ { "V" : "V1", "y" : "Y1" }, { "V" : "V2", "y" : "Y2" }, { "V" : "V3", "y" : "Y3" } ], "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }

到此這篇關于Mongodb 對嵌套文檔數組進行查詢操作的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關Mongodb嵌套文檔數組查詢內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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