log4net在Asp.net MVC4中的使用過程

更新時間：2023年05月27日 10:15:50 作者：Three Big Stones

這篇文章主要介紹了log4net在Asp.net MVC4中的使用過程,本文通過實例代碼給大家介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價值，需要的朋友可以參考下

1、安裝log4net插件

新建Asp.net MVC4項目，并在Nuget控制臺輸入命令，或者直接搜索log4net在線安裝，安裝log4net

>Install-Package log4net -Version 2.0.15

2、配置web.config文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
  有關(guān)如何配置 ASP.NET 應(yīng)用程序的詳細信息，請訪問
  https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301880
  -->
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,log4net"/>
  </configSections>
  <log4net>
    <root>
      <level value="ALL"></level>
      <appender-ref ref="SysAppender"></appender-ref>
    </root>
    <logger name="WebLogger">
      <!--日志輸出級別限制，只有大于或等于DEBUG級別才記錄日志-->
      <level value="DEBUG"></level>
    </logger>
    <!--以滾動日志方式記錄日志-->
    <appender name="SysAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender,log4net">
      <!--文件存放路徑，在項目根目錄App_Data下-->
      <param name="File" value="App_Data/"></param>
      <!--日志是否追加到文件-->
      <param name="AppendToFile" value="true"></param>
      <!--滾動日志文件按照日期風(fēng)格生成-->
      <param name="RollingStyle" value="Date"></param>
      <!--日志文件的命名規(guī)則-->
      <param name="DatePattern" value="&quot;Logs_&quot;yyyyMMdd&quot;.txt&quot;"></param>
      <!--日志名稱是否靜態(tài)-->
      <param name="StaticLogFileName" value="false"></param>
      <!--日志內(nèi)容的格式和布局-->
      <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net">
        <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%t] %-5p %c - %m%n"></param>
        <param name="Header" value="-------------------------header---------------------------"></param>
        <param name="Footer" value="-------------------------footer---------------------------"></param>
      </layout>
    </appender>
    <!--按照控制臺輸出日志-->
    <appender name="ConsoleApp" type="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender,log4net">
      <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net">
        <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%t] %-5p %c - %m%n"></param>
      </layout>
    </appender>
  </log4net>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
  </appSettings>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.6.1" />
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.6.1" />
    <httpModules>
      <add name="ApplicationInsightsWebTracking" type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.ApplicationInsightsHttpModule, Microsoft.AI.Web" />
    </httpModules>
  </system.web>
  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Antlr3.Runtime" publicKeyToken="eb42632606e9261f" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.5.0.2" newVersion="3.5.0.2" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource" publicKeyToken="cc7b13ffcd2ddd51" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.2.1" newVersion="4.0.2.1" />
      </dependentAssembly>      
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-11.0.0.0" newVersion="11.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.6.5135.21930" newVersion="1.6.5135.21930" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.2.4.0" newVersion="5.2.4.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>
  <system.webServer>
    <modules>
      <remove name="TelemetryCorrelationHttpModule" />
      <add name="TelemetryCorrelationHttpModule" type="Microsoft.AspNet.TelemetryCorrelation.TelemetryCorrelationHttpModule, Microsoft.AspNet.TelemetryCorrelation" preCondition="integratedMode,managedHandler" />
      <remove name="ApplicationInsightsWebTracking" />
      <add name="ApplicationInsightsWebTracking" type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.ApplicationInsightsHttpModule, Microsoft.AI.Web" preCondition="managedHandler" />
    </modules>
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
  </system.webServer>
  <system.codedom>
    <compilers>
      <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:default /nowarn:1659;1699;1701" />
      <compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.VBCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:default /nowarn:41008 /define:_MYTYPE=\&quot;Web\&quot; /optionInfer+" />
    </compilers>
  </system.codedom>
</configuration>

日志級別分類（從高到低）：OFF、FATAL、ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG、ALL

3、初始化log4net

在Global.asax中初始化log4net配置

log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure();

4、定義異常攔截器

自定義異常攔截器，出現(xiàn)控制器action方法調(diào)用出現(xiàn)異常時，將異常信息統(tǒng)一加入到全局隊列中，避免日志寫入文件并發(fā)沖突。

public class MyErrorAttribute:HandleErrorAttribute
    {
        public static Queue<Exception> ExceptionQueue = new Queue<Exception>();
        public override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
        {
            ExceptionQueue.Enqueue(filterContext.Exception);
            base.OnException(filterContext);
        }
    }

將全局默認異常處理器替換為自己定義的。

public class FilterConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilterCollection filters)
        {
            //filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());//默認異常處理器
            filters.Add(new MyErrorAttribute());//自定義異常處理器
        }
    }

5、后臺線程輪詢異常隊列，將日志寫入到文件

啟動類Global.asax.cs文件中定義后臺線程，處理異常隊列中日志的輸出

//啟動后臺線程，周期性輪詢異常隊列，將異常輸出到文件
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(o => {
                while(true)
                {
                    if(MyErrorAttribute.ExceptionQueue.Count>0)
                    {
                        Exception ex = MyErrorAttribute.ExceptionQueue.Dequeue();
                        if(ex!=null)
                        {
                            ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger("testError");
                            log.Error(ex.ToString());
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            Thread.Sleep(50);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Thread.Sleep(50);
                    }
                }
            });

6、控制器中定義異常測試方法

public ActionResult TestLog()
        {
            int result = 0;
            int x = 1, y = 0;
            result = x / y;
            return View();
        }