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Linux下Docker安裝和使用教程

更新時(shí)間：2016年10月15日 09:27:48 投稿：mrr

Docker是一個(gè)開源的引擎，可以輕松的為任何應(yīng)用創(chuàng)建一個(gè)輕量級(jí)的、可移植的、自給自足的容器。這篇文章主要介紹了Linux下Docker安裝和使用教程的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下

Docker是一個(gè)開源的引擎，可以輕松的為任何應(yīng)用創(chuàng)建一個(gè)輕量級(jí)的、可移植的、自給自足的容器。

開發(fā)者在筆記本上編譯測(cè)試通過的容器可以批量地在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中部署，包括VMs(虛擬機(jī))、bare metal、OpenStack集群和其他的基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用平臺(tái)。

Docker的源代碼全部是用Go語言寫的。

一、基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境

1、角色、ip、版本、內(nèi)核

serverA 10.1.10.236 3.16.0-4-amd64 8.1 docket
docket 1.6.2

二、安裝docter

1、添加源

echo "deb http://http.debian.net/debian jessie-backports main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list

2、更新源

apt-get update

3、安裝docker.io包

apt-get install docker.io
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree 
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount git git-man libapparmor1 liberror-perl libnih-dbus1 libnih1 makedev mountall plymouth
Suggested packages:
btrfs-tools debootstrap lxc rinse git-daemon-run git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-arch git-cvs git-mediawiki git-svn desktop-base
plymouth-themes
The following NEW packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount docker.io git git-man libapparmor1 liberror-perl libnih-dbus1 libnih1 makedev mountall plymouth
0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 0 to remove and 54 not upgraded.
Need to get 9,986 kB of archives.
After this operation, 47.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

4、查看版本

docker --version
Docker version 1.6.2, build 7c8fca2

5、啟動(dòng)服務(wù)

/etc/init.d/docker start
[ ok ] Starting docker (via systemctl): docker.service.

6、拉取debian和CentOS鏡像

1)拉取debian鏡像

docker pull debian
latest: Pulling from debian
843e2bded498: Pull complete 
8c00acfb0175: Pull complete 
debian:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified. Important: image verification is a tech preview feature and should not be relied on to provide security.
Digest: sha256:d9168a2c1889b4c9d44952a23065c29b0656237909d618328275f42065602354
Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:latest

2)拉取centos鏡像

docker pull centos
Pulling repository centos
0f73ae75014f: Download complete 
47d44cb6f252: Download complete 
f6f39725d938: Download complete 
f9a8cbc8dd13: Download complete 
f37e6a610a37: Download complete 
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest

7、查看鏡像

docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
debian latest 8c00acfb0175 3 weeks ago 125.2 MB
centos latest 0f73ae75014f 3 weeks ago 172.3 MB

8、運(yùn)行名為debian鏡像的容器(虛擬

docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
debian latest 8c00acfb0175 3 weeks ago 125.2 MB
centos latest 0f73ae75014f 3 weeks ago 172.3 MB

出1個(gè)debian系統(tǒng))

1)運(yùn)行debian鏡像的容器

docker run -i -t debian

2)查看版本

root@10.1.10.236:~# docker run debian cat /etc/debian_version
8.2

3)查看IP(是dhcp獲得每次獲得都不一樣)

root@10.1.10.236:~# docker run debian ip 
a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default 
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
24: eth0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.11/16 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:b/64 scope link tentative 
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4)查看內(nèi)核

root@10.1.10.236:~# docker run debian uname -r
3.16.0-4-amd64

5)查看硬盤分區(qū)情況

root@10.1.10.236:~# docker run -i -t debian df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
none aufs 9.1G 1.6G 7.1G 18% /
tmpfs tmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /dev
shm tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 9.1G 1.6G 7.1G 18% /etc/hosts

9、運(yùn)行名為centos鏡像的容器(虛擬出1個(gè)centos系統(tǒng))

1)運(yùn)行centos鏡像的容器

docker run -i -t centos

2)查看版本

root@10.1.10.236:~# docker run centos cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)

3)查看內(nèi)核

root@10.1.10.236:~# docker run centos uname -r
3.16.0-4-amd64

4)查看ip

root@10.1.10.236:~# docker run centos ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
46: eth0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN 
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.22/16 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:16/64 scope link tentative 
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

5)查看硬盤分區(qū)情況

root@10.1.10.236:~# docker run centos df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
rootfs rootfs 9.1G 1.6G 7.1G 18% /
none aufs 9.1G 1.6G 7.1G 18% /
tmpfs tmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /dev
shm tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 9.1G 1.6G 7.1G 18% /etc/hosts
tmpfs tmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /proc/kcore
tmpfs tmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /proc/timer_stats

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Linux下Docker安裝和使用教程，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問歡迎給我留言！

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