>>> int('10') # 實(shí)際上等同于int('10', base=10)和int('10', 10) 
10 
>>> int('10', 2) # 實(shí)際上是int('10', base=2)的縮寫(xiě) 
2 
>>> from functools import partial 
>>> int2 = partial(int, 2) # 這里我沒(méi)寫(xiě)base，結(jié)果就出錯(cuò)了 
>>> int2('10') 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 
TypeError: an integer is required 
>>> int2 = partial(int, base=2) # 把base參數(shù)綁定在int2這個(gè)函數(shù)里 
>>> int2('10') # 現(xiàn)在缺省參數(shù)base被設(shè)為2了 
2 
>>> int2('10', 3) # 沒(méi)加base，結(jié)果又出錯(cuò)了 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 
TypeError: keyword parameter 'base' was given by position and by name 
>>> int2('10', base=3) 
3 
>>> type(int2) 
<type 'functools.partial'> 

#-*- coding: gbk -*- 
 
def thisIsliving(fun): 
 def living(*args, **kw): 
  return fun(*args, **kw) + '活著就是吃嘛。' 
 return living 
 
@thisIsliving 
def whatIsLiving(): 
 "什么是活著" 
 return '對(duì)啊，怎樣才算活著呢？' 
 
print whatIsLiving() 
print whatIsLiving.__doc__ 
 
print 
 
from functools import update_wrapper 
def thisIsliving(fun): 
 def living(*args, **kw): 
  return fun(*args, **kw) + '活著就是吃嘛。' 
 return update_wrapper(living, fun) 
 
@thisIsliving 
def whatIsLiving(): 
 "什么是活著" 
 return '對(duì)啊，怎樣才算活著呢？' 
 
print whatIsLiving() 
print whatIsLiving.__doc__ 

對(duì)啊，怎樣才算活著呢？活著就是吃嘛。
None

對(duì)啊，怎樣才算活著呢？活著就是吃嘛。
什么是活著

#-*- coding: gbk -*- 
 
from functools import wraps 
 
def thisIsliving(fun): 
 @wraps(fun) 
 def living(*args, **kw): 
  return fun(*args, **kw) + '活著就是吃嘛。' 
 return living 
 
@thisIsliving 
def whatIsLiving(): 
 "什么是活著" 
 return '對(duì)啊，怎樣才算活著呢？' 
 
print whatIsLiving() 
print whatIsLiving.__doc__ 

對(duì)啊，怎樣才算活著呢？活著就是吃嘛。
什么是活著

from functools import total_ordering

@total_ordering
class Student(object):
  def __init__(self, name):
    self.name = name

  def __eq__(self, other):
    return self.name.lower() == other.name.lower()

  def __lt__(self, other):
    return self.name.lower() < other.name.lower()

a = Student('dan')
b = Student('mink')

print a > b
print a
print sorted([b, a])

False
<__main__.Student object at 0x7f16ecb194d0>
[<__main__.Student object at 0x7f16ecb194d0>, <__main__.Student object at 0x7f16ecb195d0>]