Java的DataInputStream和DataOutputStream數(shù)據(jù)輸入輸出流
DataInputStream
DataInputStream 是數(shù)據(jù)輸入流。它繼承于FilterInputStream。
DataInputStream 是用來裝飾其它輸入流,它“允許應(yīng)用程序以與機器無關(guān)方式從底層輸入流中讀取基本 Java 數(shù)據(jù)類型”。應(yīng)用程序可以使用DataOutputStream(數(shù)據(jù)輸出流)寫入由DataInputStream(數(shù)據(jù)輸入流)讀取的數(shù)據(jù)。
DataInputStream 函數(shù)列表:
DataInputStream(InputStream in) final int read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int length) final int read(byte[] buffer) final boolean readBoolean() final byte readByte() final char readChar() final double readDouble() final float readFloat() final void readFully(byte[] dst) final void readFully(byte[] dst, int offset, int byteCount) final int readInt() final String readLine() final long readLong() final short readShort() final static String readUTF(DataInput in) final String readUTF() final int readUnsignedByte() final int readUnsignedShort() final int skipBytes(int count)
示例代碼:
關(guān)于DataInputStream中API的詳細(xì)用法:
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.lang.SecurityException;
/**
* DataInputStream 和 DataOutputStream測試程序
*
* @author skywang
*/
public class DataInputStreamTest {
private static final int LEN = 5;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 測試DataOutputStream,將數(shù)據(jù)寫入到輸出流中。
testDataOutputStream() ;
// 測試DataInputStream,從上面的輸出流結(jié)果中讀取數(shù)據(jù)。
testDataInputStream() ;
}
/**
* DataOutputStream的API測試函數(shù)
*/
private static void testDataOutputStream() {
try {
File file = new File("file.txt");
DataOutputStream out =
new DataOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(file));
out.writeBoolean(true);
out.writeByte((byte)0x41);
out.writeChar((char)0x4243);
out.writeShort((short)0x4445);
out.writeInt(0x12345678);
out.writeLong(0x0FEDCBA987654321L);
out.writeUTF("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz嚴(yán)12");
out.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* DataInputStream的API測試函數(shù)
*/
private static void testDataInputStream() {
try {
File file = new File("file.txt");
DataInputStream in =
new DataInputStream(
new FileInputStream(file));
System.out.printf("byteToHexString(0x8F):0x%s\n", byteToHexString((byte)0x8F));
System.out.printf("charToHexString(0x8FCF):0x%s\n", charToHexString((char)0x8FCF));
System.out.printf("readBoolean():%s\n", in.readBoolean());
System.out.printf("readByte():0x%s\n", byteToHexString(in.readByte()));
System.out.printf("readChar():0x%s\n", charToHexString(in.readChar()));
System.out.printf("readShort():0x%s\n", shortToHexString(in.readShort()));
System.out.printf("readInt():0x%s\n", Integer.toHexString(in.readInt()));
System.out.printf("readLong():0x%s\n", Long.toHexString(in.readLong()));
System.out.printf("readUTF():%s\n", in.readUTF());
in.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 打印byte對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串
private static String byteToHexString(byte val) {
return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xff);
}
// 打印char對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串
private static String charToHexString(char val) {
return Integer.toHexString(val);
}
// 打印short對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串
private static String shortToHexString(short val) {
return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xffff);
}
}
運行結(jié)果:
byteToHexString(0x8F):0x8f charToHexString(0x8FCF):0x8fcf readBoolean():true readByte():0x41 readChar():0x4243 readShort():0x4445 readInt():0x12345678 readLong():0xfedcba987654321 readUTF():abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz嚴(yán)12
結(jié)果說明:
(1) 查看file.txt文本。16進制的數(shù)據(jù)顯示如下:

001f 對應(yīng)的int值是31。它表示的含義是后面的UTF-8數(shù)據(jù)的長度。字符串“abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz嚴(yán)12”中字母“ab...xyz”的長度是26,“嚴(yán)”對應(yīng)的UTF-8數(shù)據(jù)長度是3;“12”長度是2??偟拈L度=26+3+2=31。
(2) 返回byte對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串
源碼如下:
private static String byteToHexString(byte val) {
return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xff);
}
想想為什么代碼是:
return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xff);
而不是
return Integer.toHexString(val);
我們先看看 byteToHexString((byte)0x8F); 在上面兩種情況下的輸出結(jié)果。
return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xff); 對應(yīng)的輸出是“0xffffff8f”
return Integer.toHexString(val); 對應(yīng)的輸出是“0x8f”
為什么會這樣呢?
原因其實很簡單,就是“byte類型轉(zhuǎn)換成int類型”導(dǎo)致的問題。
byte類型的0x8F是一個負(fù)數(shù),它對應(yīng)的2進制是10001111;將一個負(fù)數(shù)的byte轉(zhuǎn)換成int類型時,執(zhí)行的是有符號轉(zhuǎn)型(新增位都填充符號位的數(shù)字)。0x8F的符號位是1,因為將它轉(zhuǎn)換成int時,填充“1”;轉(zhuǎn)型后的結(jié)果(2進制)是11111111 11111111 11111111 10001111,對應(yīng)的16進制為0xffffff8f。
因為當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行Integer.toHexString(val);時,返回的就是0xffffff8f。
在Integer.toHexString(val & 0xff)中,相當(dāng)于0xffffff8f & 0xff,得到的結(jié)果是0x8f。
(3) 返回char和short對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串
“返回char對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串”對應(yīng)的源碼如下:
private static String charToHexString(char val) {
return Integer.toHexString(val);
}
“返回short對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串”對應(yīng)源碼如下:
private static String shortToHexString(short val) {
return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xffff);
}
比較上面的兩個函數(shù),為什么一個是 “val” ,而另一個是 “val & 0xffff”?
通過(2)的分析,我們類似的推出為什么 “返回short對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串” 要執(zhí)行“val & 0xffff”。
但是,為什么 “返回char對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串” 要執(zhí)行 “val” 即可。原因也很簡單,java中char是無符號類型,占兩個字節(jié)。將char轉(zhuǎn)換為int類型,執(zhí)行的是無符號轉(zhuǎn)型,新增為都填充0。
DataOutputStream
DataOutputStream 是數(shù)據(jù)輸出流。它繼承于FilterOutputStream。
DataOutputStream 是用來裝飾其它輸出流,將DataOutputStream和DataInputStream輸入流配合使用,“允許應(yīng)用程序以與機器無關(guān)方式從底層輸入流中讀寫基本 Java 數(shù)據(jù)類型”。
示例代碼
關(guān)于DataOutStream中API的詳細(xì)用法:
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.lang.SecurityException;
/**
* DataInputStream 和 DataOutputStream測試程序
*
* @author skywang
*/
public class DataInputStreamTest {
private static final int LEN = 5;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 測試DataOutputStream,將數(shù)據(jù)寫入到輸出流中。
testDataOutputStream() ;
// 測試DataInputStream,從上面的輸出流結(jié)果中讀取數(shù)據(jù)。
testDataInputStream() ;
}
/**
* DataOutputStream的API測試函數(shù)
*/
private static void testDataOutputStream() {
try {
File file = new File("file.txt");
DataOutputStream out =
new DataOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(file));
out.writeBoolean(true);
out.writeByte((byte)0x41);
out.writeChar((char)0x4243);
out.writeShort((short)0x4445);
out.writeInt(0x12345678);
out.writeLong(0x0FEDCBA987654321L);
out.writeUTF("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz嚴(yán)12");
out.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* DataInputStream的API測試函數(shù)
*/
private static void testDataInputStream() {
try {
File file = new File("file.txt");
DataInputStream in =
new DataInputStream(
new FileInputStream(file));
System.out.printf("byteToHexString(0x8F):0x%s\n", byteToHexString((byte)0x8F));
System.out.printf("charToHexString(0x8FCF):0x%s\n", charToHexString((char)0x8FCF));
System.out.printf("readBoolean():%s\n", in.readBoolean());
System.out.printf("readByte():0x%s\n", byteToHexString(in.readByte()));
System.out.printf("readChar():0x%s\n", charToHexString(in.readChar()));
System.out.printf("readShort():0x%s\n", shortToHexString(in.readShort()));
System.out.printf("readInt():0x%s\n", Integer.toHexString(in.readInt()));
System.out.printf("readLong():0x%s\n", Long.toHexString(in.readLong()));
System.out.printf("readUTF():%s\n", in.readUTF());
in.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 打印byte對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串
private static String byteToHexString(byte val) {
return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xff);
}
// 打印char對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串
private static String charToHexString(char val) {
return Integer.toHexString(val);
}
// 打印short對應(yīng)的16進制的字符串
private static String shortToHexString(short val) {
return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xffff);
}
}
運行結(jié)果:
byteToHexString(0x8F):0x8f charToHexString(0x8FCF):0x8fcf readBoolean():true readByte():0x41 readChar():0x4243 readShort():0x4445 readInt():0x12345678 readLong():0xfedcba987654321 readUTF():abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz嚴(yán)12
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