在阿里云的CentOS環(huán)境中安裝配置MySQL的教程
更新時(shí)間：2015年12月16日 11:21:03 作者：fengyqf
這篇文章主要介紹了在阿里云的CentOS環(huán)境中安裝配置MySQL的教程,注意一下文章開頭所提到的系統(tǒng)自帶MariaDB的問題,需要的朋友可以參考下
1 常規(guī)錯(cuò)誤的yum安裝方法：
在前文中記述了CentOS 6.5系統(tǒng)中通過yum方式快速地搭建了LNMP環(huán)境，那么是否也能在CentOS 7或CentOS 7.1系統(tǒng)中依葫蘆畫瓢安裝MySql5.6.24呢？答案是否定的。
[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel .....................。 ....省略部分安裝過程.... .....................。 Installed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 Dependency Installed: keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.12.2-14.el7 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7 libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.4 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-14.el7 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-13.el7 Complete!
從上面的安裝結(jié)果可以看出，沒有安裝mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫，而是安裝了mariadb數(shù)據(jù)！因?yàn)樵贑entOS 7和CentOS 7.1系統(tǒng)中，默認(rèn)安裝的mysql是它的分支mariadb。這里引用下百度百科關(guān)于mariadb的描述：
MariaDB數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)是MySQL的一個(gè)分支，主要由開源社區(qū)在維護(hù)，采用GPL授權(quán)許可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能輕松成為MySQL的代替品。
因此，下面這些正常的MySQL操作都是無效的：
#######無法把mysql服務(wù)加入系統(tǒng)啟動 [root@typecodes ~]# chkconfig mysqld on error reading information on service mysqld: No such file or directory #######啟動不了mysql [root@typecodes ~]# service mysqld start Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory. #######沒有安裝mysql相關(guān)包 [root@typecodes ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql php-mysql-5.4.16-23.el7_0.3.x86_64 [root@typecodes ~]#
2 正確的安裝方法：
眾所周知，Linux系統(tǒng)自帶的repo是不會自動更新每個(gè)軟件的最新版本（基本都是比較靠后的穩(wěn)定版），所以無法通過yum方式安裝MySQL的高級版本。所以我們需要先安裝帶有當(dāng)前可用的mysql5系列社區(qū)版資源的rpm包。
#######安裝rpm包 [root@typecodes ~]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-release-el7-5 ################################# [100%]
這時(shí)查看當(dāng)前可用的mysql安裝資源：
[root@typecodes ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 14 mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 17 mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 139
從上面的列表可以看出， mysql56-community/x86_64 和 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 可以使用。
因此，我們就可以直接用yum方式安裝了MySQL5.6版本了。
[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: axelget, langpacks No metadata available for base No metadata available for epel No metadata available for extras (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror) repomd.xml | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 update mysql-connectors-community metadata successfully (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror) repomd.xml | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 update mysql-tools-community metadata successfully (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror) repomd.xml | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 update mysql56-community metadata successfully No metadata available for updates mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql56-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db | 7.3 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db | 83 kB 00:00:01 mysql-tools-community/x86_64/p FAILED ============================================== ] 19 kB/s | 92 kB 00:00:00 ETA http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 3 seconds') Trying other mirror. (3/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 15 kB 00:00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 for package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting ---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted ---> Package mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting ---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch ---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================================================= Installing: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 19 M replacing mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mysql-community-devel x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 3.4 M replacing mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 2.0 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 58 M Installing for dependencies: mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 256 k perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================= Install 4 Packages (+7 Dependent packages) Total download size: 83 M Downloading packages: mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 3.4 MB 00:00:03 mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 19 MB 00:00:05 mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 58 MB 00:00:11 mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:02 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 0 B 00:00:01 ... perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00:00 (1/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:00 (2/6): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00 (3/6): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00 (4/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00 (5/6): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00:00 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 00:00:01 ETA Public key for mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (6/6): mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 256 kB 00:00:01 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 388 kB/s | 692 kB 00:00:01 Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5 Package : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed) From : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 1/14 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 2/14 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 3/14 Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 4/14 Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 5/14 Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 6/14 Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 7/14 Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 8/14 Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 9/14 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 10/14 Installing : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 11/14 Erasing : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 12/14 Erasing : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 13/14 Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 14/14 Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 1/14 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 2/14 Verifying : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 3/14 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 4/14 Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 5/14 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 6/14 Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 7/14 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 8/14 Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 9/14 Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 10/14 Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 11/14 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 12/14 Verifying : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 13/14 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 14/14 Installed: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 Dependency Installed: mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 Replaced: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 Complete!
3 MySQL安裝完成后，進(jìn)行相關(guān)配置
安裝完MySQL后，需要進(jìn)行一些基礎(chǔ)配置工作：
#######安裝成功后，將其加入開機(jī)啟動 [root@typecodes ~]# systemctl enable mysqld #######啟動mysql服務(wù)進(jìn)程 [root@typecodes ~]# systemctl start mysqld #######配置mysql（設(shè)置密碼等） [root@typecodes ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y [設(shè)置root用戶密碼] New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y [刪除匿名用戶] ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y [禁止root遠(yuǎn)程登錄] ... Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y [刪除test數(shù)據(jù)庫] - Dropping test database... ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist ... Failed! Not critical, keep moving... - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y [刷新權(quán)限] ... Success! All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL! Cleaning up...
4.可能有效的MySQL配置優(yōu)化
在原始配置文件 /etc/my.cnf 基礎(chǔ)上，在 [mysqld] 節(jié)內(nèi)增加配置參數(shù)。實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，請按硬件及負(fù)載酌情修改。
#add by feng 120418 -------------------------- #skip-locking skip-name-resolve skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M #table_cache = 3072 table_open_cache = 3072 read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sort_buffer_size = 2M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 256M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 512M query_cache_limit= 5M tmp_table_size=1024M max_heap_table_size=3000M max_allowed_packet = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=512M innodb_log_buffer_size=64M max_connections=2000 max_user_connections=800 join_buffer_size = 8M open_files_limit = 65535 #tmpdir=/dev/shm max_connect_errors=1000 #add by feng 120418 end ---------------------
相關(guān)文章
這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了MySQL預(yù)編譯功能的相關(guān)資料，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下2017-10-10
很久沒用mysql的limit，一時(shí)大意竟然用錯(cuò)了，自認(rèn)為(limit 開始,結(jié)束)，其實(shí)錯(cuò)了，正確的應(yīng)該是（limit 偏移量，條數(shù)），為了記住這次錯(cuò)誤，轉(zhuǎn)載一篇limit用法詳解。推薦給大家，希望對大家能夠有所幫助。2015-03-03
這篇文章主要介紹了Mysql查看版本號的五種方式介紹,需要的朋友可以參考下2013-05-05
這篇文章主要為大家分享了mysql 5.7.15安裝配置方法圖文教程,感興趣的朋友可以參考一下2016-09-09
這篇文章主要介紹了mysql如何批量修改表名前綴的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,具有很好的參考價(jià)值,希望對大家有所幫助,如有錯(cuò)誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教2025-05-05
這篇文章主要介紹了MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的備份與還原操作方法，文章圍繞主題展開詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容加入，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，需要的小伙伴可以參考一下2022-06-06
用mysqldump備份和恢復(fù)指定表的方法...2007-07-07
MySQL 5.5/5.6/5.7及以上版本安裝包安裝時(shí)如何選擇安裝路徑
最近mysql官方網(wǎng)站的安裝包從5.5-5.7起都是新版的安裝界面，各種環(huán)境要求支持，看樣子以后老點(diǎn)的系統(tǒng)安裝都夠費(fèi)勁的了，這里腳本之家小編特為大家整理一下安裝步驟與方法2016-04-04
這篇文章主要介紹了詳解MySQL8的新特性ROLE的相關(guān)資料，幫助大家更好的理解和使用MySQL8，感興趣的朋友可以了解下2020-11-11
Mysql遷移DM國產(chǎn)達(dá)夢數(shù)據(jù)庫完整步驟記錄
最近工作中用到國產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)庫達(dá)夢,簡稱DM,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于Mysql遷移DM國產(chǎn)達(dá)夢數(shù)據(jù)庫完整步驟的相關(guān)資料,文中通過圖文介紹的非常詳細(xì),需要的朋友可以參考下2024-07-07