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java讀取wav文件（波形文件）并繪制波形圖的方法

更新時(shí)間：2015年06月26日 10:04:20 作者：RobinTang

這篇文章主要介紹了java讀取wav文件（波形文件）并繪制波形圖的方法,涉及java操作多媒體音頻文件轉(zhuǎn)換的相關(guān)技巧,需要的朋友可以參考下

本文實(shí)例講述了java讀取wav文件（波形文件）并繪制波形圖的方法。分享給大家供大家參考。具體如下：

因?yàn)樽罱胁簧倬W(wǎng)友詢問我波形文件讀寫方面的問題，出于讓大家更方便以及讓代碼能夠得到更好的改進(jìn)，我將這部分（波形文件的讀寫）代碼開源在GitHub上面。

地址為https://github.com/sintrb/WaveAccess/，最新的代碼、例子、文檔都在那上面，我會(huì)在我時(shí)間精力允許的前提下對(duì)該項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行維護(hù)，同時(shí)也希望對(duì)這方面有興趣的網(wǎng)友能夠加入到該開源項(xiàng)目上。

以下內(nèi)容基本都過期了，你可以直接去GitHub上面閱讀、下載該項(xiàng)目。

因項(xiàng)目需要讀取.wav文件（波形文件）并繪制波形圖，因此簡單的做了這方面的封裝。

其實(shí)主要是對(duì)wav文件讀取的封裝，下面是一個(gè)wav文件讀取器的封裝：

// filename: WaveFileReader.java 
// RobinTang 
// 2012-08-23 
import java.io.*; 
public class WaveFileReader { 
  private String filename = null; 
  private int[][] data = null; 
  private int len = 0; 
  private String chunkdescriptor = null; 
  static private int lenchunkdescriptor = 4; 
  private long chunksize = 0; 
  static private int lenchunksize = 4; 
  private String waveflag = null; 
  static private int lenwaveflag = 4; 
  private String fmtubchunk = null; 
  static private int lenfmtubchunk = 4; 
  private long subchunk1size = 0; 
  static private int lensubchunk1size = 4; 
  private int audioformat = 0; 
  static private int lenaudioformat = 2; 
  private int numchannels = 0; 
  static private int lennumchannels = 2; 
  private long samplerate = 0; 
  static private int lensamplerate = 2; 
  private long byterate = 0; 
  static private int lenbyterate = 4; 
  private int blockalign = 0; 
  static private int lenblockling = 2; 
  private int bitspersample = 0; 
  static private int lenbitspersample = 2; 
  private String datasubchunk = null; 
  static private int lendatasubchunk = 4; 
  private long subchunk2size = 0; 
  static private int lensubchunk2size = 4; 
  private FileInputStream fis = null; 
  private BufferedInputStream bis = null; 
  private boolean issuccess = false; 
  public WaveFileReader(String filename) { 
    this.initReader(filename); 
  } 
  // 判斷是否創(chuàng)建wav讀取器成功 
  public boolean isSuccess() { 
    return issuccess; 
  } 
  // 獲取每個(gè)采樣的編碼長度，8bit或者16bit 
  public int getBitPerSample(){ 
    return this.bitspersample; 
  } 
  // 獲取采樣率 
  public long getSampleRate(){ 
    return this.samplerate; 
  } 
  // 獲取聲道個(gè)數(shù)，1代表單聲道 2代表立體聲 
  public int getNumChannels(){ 
    return this.numchannels; 
  } 
  // 獲取數(shù)據(jù)長度，也就是一共采樣多少個(gè) 
  public int getDataLen(){ 
    return this.len; 
  } 
  // 獲取數(shù)據(jù) 
  // 數(shù)據(jù)是一個(gè)二維數(shù)組，[n][m]代表第n個(gè)聲道的第m個(gè)采樣值 
  public int[][] getData(){ 
    return this.data; 
  } 
  private void initReader(String filename){ 
    this.filename = filename; 
    try { 
      fis = new FileInputStream(this.filename); 
      bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis); 
      this.chunkdescriptor = readString(lenchunkdescriptor); 
      if(!chunkdescriptor.endsWith("RIFF")) 
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("RIFF miss, " + filename + " is not a wave file."); 
      this.chunksize = readLong(); 
      this.waveflag = readString(lenwaveflag); 
      if(!waveflag.endsWith("WAVE")) 
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("WAVE miss, " + filename + " is not a wave file."); 
      this.fmtubchunk = readString(lenfmtubchunk); 
      if(!fmtubchunk.endsWith("fmt ")) 
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("fmt miss, " + filename + " is not a wave file."); 
      this.subchunk1size = readLong(); 
      this.audioformat = readInt(); 
      this.numchannels = readInt(); 
      this.samplerate = readLong(); 
      this.byterate = readLong(); 
      this.blockalign = readInt(); 
      this.bitspersample = readInt(); 
      this.datasubchunk = readString(lendatasubchunk); 
      if(!datasubchunk.endsWith("data")) 
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("data miss, " + filename + " is not a wave file."); 
      this.subchunk2size = readLong(); 
      this.len = (int)(this.subchunk2size/(this.bitspersample/8)/this.numchannels); 
      this.data = new int[this.numchannels][this.len]; 
       
      for(int i=0; i<this.len; ++i){ 
        for(int n=0; n<this.numchannels; ++n){ 
          if(this.bitspersample == 8){ 
            this.data[n][i] = bis.read(); 
          } 
          else if(this.bitspersample == 16){ 
            this.data[n][i] = this.readInt(); 
          } 
        } 
      } 
      issuccess = true; 
    } catch (Exception e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
    finally{ 
      try{ 
      if(bis != null) 
        bis.close(); 
      if(fis != null) 
        fis.close(); 
      } 
      catch(Exception e1){ 
        e1.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  private String readString(int len){ 
    byte[] buf = new byte[len]; 
    try { 
      if(bis.read(buf)!=len) 
        throw new IOException("no more data!!!"); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
    return new String(buf); 
  } 
  private int readInt(){ 
    byte[] buf = new byte[2]; 
    int res = 0; 
    try { 
      if(bis.read(buf)!=2) 
        throw new IOException("no more data!!!"); 
      res = (buf[0]&0x000000FF) | (((int)buf[1])<<8); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
    return res; 
  } 
  private long readLong(){ 
    long res = 0; 
    try { 
      long[] l = new long[4]; 
      for(int i=0; i<4; ++i){ 
        l[i] = bis.read(); 
        if(l[i]==-1){ 
          throw new IOException("no more data!!!"); 
        } 
      } 
      res = l[0] | (l[1]<<8) | (l[2]<<16) | (l[3]<<24); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
    return res; 
  } 
  private byte[] readBytes(int len){ 
    byte[] buf = new byte[len]; 
    try { 
      if(bis.read(buf)!=len) 
        throw new IOException("no more data!!!"); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
    return buf; 
  } 
}

為了繪制波形，因此做了一個(gè)從JPanel教程而來的波形繪制面板：

// filename: DrawPanel.java 
// RobinTang 
// 2012-08-23 
import java.awt.Color; 
import java.awt.Graphics; 
import javax.swing.JPanel; 
@SuppressWarnings("serial") 
public class DrawPanel extends JPanel { 
  private int[] data = null; 
  public DrawPanel(int[] data) { 
    this.data = data; 
  } 
  @Override 
  protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) { 
    int ww = getWidth(); 
    int hh = getHeight(); 
    g.setColor(Color.WHITE); 
    g.fillRect(0, 0, ww, hh); 
    int len = data.length; 
    int step = len/ww; 
    if(step==0) 
      step = 1; 
    int prex = 0, prey = 0; //上一個(gè)坐標(biāo) 
    int x = 0, y = 0; 
    g.setColor(Color.RED); 
    double k = hh/2.0/32768.0; 
    for(int i=0; i<ww; ++i){ 
      x = i; 
      // 下面是個(gè)三點(diǎn)取出并繪制 
      // 實(shí)際中應(yīng)該按照采樣率來設(shè)置間隔 
      y = hh-(int)(data[i*3]*k+hh/2); 
      System.out.print(y); 
      System.out.print(" "); 
      if(i!=0){ 
        g.drawLine(x, y, prex, prey); 
      } 
      prex = x; 
      prey = y; 
    } 
  } 
}

有了這些之后就可以調(diào)用繪制了，簡單的：

// WaveFileReadDemo.java 
// RobinTang 
// 2012-08-23 
import javax.swing.JFrame; 
public class WaveFileReadDemo { 
  /** 
   * @param args 
   */ 
  public static void main(String[] args) { 
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
    String filename = "file.wav"; 
    JFrame frame = new JFrame(); 
    WaveFileReader reader = new WaveFileReader(filename); 
    if(reader.isSuccess()){ 
      int[] data = reader.getData()[0]; //獲取第一聲道 
      DrawPanel drawPanel = new DrawPanel(data); // 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)繪制波形的面板 
      frame.add(drawPanel); 
      frame.setTitle(filename); 
      frame.setSize(800, 400); 
      frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); 
      frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 
      frame.setVisible(true); 
    } 
    else{ 
      System.err.println(filename + "不是一個(gè)正常的wav文件"); 
    } 
  } 
}

工程的源代碼可以在我的百度網(wǎng)盤上找到，直接到開源JAVA

放上效果圖一張：