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C語言實(shí)現(xiàn)二叉樹遍歷的迭代算法

更新時(shí)間：2014年09月17日 11:59:49 投稿：shichen2014

這篇文章主要介紹了C語言實(shí)現(xiàn)二叉樹遍歷的迭代算法,包括二叉樹的中序遍歷、先序遍歷及后序遍歷等,是非常經(jīng)典的算法,需要的朋友可以參考下

本文實(shí)例講述了C語言實(shí)現(xiàn)二叉樹遍歷的迭代算法，是數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)算法中非常經(jīng)典的一類算法。分享給大家供大家參考。

具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方法如下：

二叉樹中序遍歷的迭代算法：

#include <iostream>
#include <stack>

using namespace std;

struct Node { 
 Node(int i, Node* l = NULL, Node* r = NULL) : item(i), left(l), right(r) {} 
 int item; 
 Node* left; 
 Node* right; 
}; 

Node* construct() { 
 Node* node6 = new Node(16); 
 Node* node5 = new Node(12); 
 Node* node4 = new Node(8); 
 Node* node3 = new Node(4); 
 Node* node2 = new Node(14, node5, node6); 
 Node* node1 = new Node(6, node3, node4); 
 Node* node0 = new Node(10, node1, node2); 

 return node0; 
}

//遞歸算法
void inorder(Node *root)
{
 if (root == NULL)
 return;
 inorder(root->left);
 cout << root->item << " ";
 inorder(root->right);
}

void preorder(Node *root)
{
 if(root == NULL)
 return;

 cout << root->item << " ";
 preorder(root->left);
 preorder(root->right);
}

void postorder(Node *root)
{
 if (root == NULL)
 return;

 postorder(root->left);
 postorder(root->right);
 cout << root->item << " ";
}

void postorder2(Node *root)
{
 if (root == NULL)
 return;

 stack<Node *> nstack;
 Node *pre = NULL;
 nstack.push(root);
 Node *node = NULL;

 while (!nstack.empty())
 {
 node = nstack.top();
 if (pre != node->left && pre != node->right)
 {
  if (node->right)
  nstack.push(node->right);
  if (node->left)
  nstack.push(node->left);
 }

 if (node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL 
  || pre == node->left || pre == node->right)
 {
  cout << node->item << " ";
  nstack.pop();
 }
 pre = node;
 }
}

void preorder2(Node *root)
{
 if(root == NULL)
 return;

 stack<Node *> nstack;
 Node *node = root;

 while (node != NULL || !nstack.empty())
 {
 while(node != NULL)
 {
  cout << node->item << " ";
  nstack.push(node);
  node = node->left;
 }
 node = nstack.top();
 nstack.pop();
 node = node->right;
 }
}

void preorder3(Node *root)
{
 if (root == NULL)
 return;

 stack<Node *> nstack;
 nstack.push(root);
 Node *node = NULL;

 while (!nstack.empty())
 {
 node = nstack.top();
 nstack.pop();
 cout << node->item << " ";

 if (node->right)
  nstack.push(node->right);
 if (node->left)
  nstack.push(node->left);
 }
}

//迭代算法
void inorder2(Node *root)
{
 if(root == NULL)
 return;

 stack<Node *> nstack;
 nstack.push(root);
 Node *next = root->left;

 while (next != NULL || !nstack.empty())
 {
 while (next != NULL)
 {
  nstack.push(next);
  next = next->left;
 }
 next = nstack.top();
 nstack.pop();

 cout << next->item << " ";
 next = next->right;
 }
}

int main()
{
 Node *root = construct();
 cout << "---------中序遍歷遞歸---------" << endl;
 inorder(root);
 cout << endl;
 cout << "---------中序遍歷迭代---------" << endl;
 inorder2(root);
 cout << endl;
 cout << "---------先序遍歷遞歸---------" << endl;
 preorder(root);
 cout << endl;
 cout << "---------先序遍歷迭代1---------" << endl;
 preorder2(root);
 cout << endl;
 cout << "---------先序遍歷迭代2---------" << endl;
 preorder3(root);
 cout << endl;
 cout << "---------后序遍歷遞歸---------" << endl;
 postorder(root);
 cout << endl;
 cout << "---------后序遍歷迭代---------" << endl;
 postorder2(root);
}

關(guān)于前序遍歷，后來又寫的算法如下，供大家參考：

void preOrderIterator(Node *root)
{
 if (root == NULL)
 return;

 stack<Node*> nstack;
 nstack.push(root);

 while (!nstack.empty())
 {
 Node *top = nstack.top();
 while (top != NULL)
 {
  if (top->left)
  nstack.push(top->left);
  cout << top->data << " ";
  top = top->left;
 }
 while (top == NULL && !nstack.empty())
 {
  top = nstack.top()->right;
  nstack.pop();
 }

 if (top != NULL)
  nstack.push(top);
 }
}

相信本文所述對(duì)大家C程序算法設(shè)計(jì)的學(xué)習(xí)有一定的借鑒價(jià)值。

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