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C#復(fù)合模式(Composite Pattern)實(shí)例教程

更新時(shí)間：2014年09月12日 16:40:31 投稿：shichen2014

這篇文章主要介紹了C#復(fù)合模式(Composite Pattern),以實(shí)例形式講述了復(fù)合模式在樹(shù)形結(jié)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用,需要的朋友可以參考下

本文以一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)例的形式講述了C#復(fù)合模式。分享給大家供大家參考。具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方法如下：

一般在顯示樹(shù)形結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，復(fù)合模式有很好的體現(xiàn)。本文實(shí)例顯示如下部門結(jié)構(gòu)：

如上圖所示，有的節(jié)點(diǎn)包含子節(jié)點(diǎn)，有的節(jié)點(diǎn)不包含子節(jié)點(diǎn)。不管是什么節(jié)點(diǎn)，每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)就代表一個(gè)部門。

首先設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)關(guān)于部門的抽象基類。

public abstract class DepartmentComponent
{
    public string Name { private set; get; }
    public DepartmentComponent(string name)
    {
      this.Name = name;
    }
    public virtual void PrintSupervisorOf(int spacing)
    {
      for (int counter = 0; counter < spacing; counter++)
      {
        Console.Write(" ");
      }
      Console.WriteLine(Name);
    }
}

以上，通過(guò)構(gòu)造函數(shù)給屬性賦值，通過(guò)PrintSupervisorOf(int spacing)方法打印出節(jié)點(diǎn)的名稱。

接下來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)包含子節(jié)點(diǎn)的節(jié)點(diǎn)。該類維護(hù)著DepartmentComponent類型的集合，提供方法向這個(gè)集合中添加節(jié)點(diǎn)或從集合中刪除節(jié)點(diǎn)。

public class DepartmentComposite : DepartmentComponent
{
    private IList<DepartmentComponent> employees;
    public DepartmentComposite(string name) : base(name)
    {
      employees = new List<DepartmentComponent>();
    }
    public void AddDepartment(DepartmentComponent e)
    {
      employees.Add(e);
    }
    public void RemoveDepartment(DepartmentComponent e)
    {
      employees.Remove(e);
    }
    public override void PrintSupervisorOf(int spacing)
    {
      base.PrintSupervisorOf(spacing);
      foreach (DepartmentComponent e in employees)
      {
        e.PrintSupervisorOf(spacing + 1);
      }
    }
}

以上 PrintSupervisorOf(int spacing)方法重寫(xiě)了抽象基類的方法，不僅把本節(jié)點(diǎn)的名稱打印出來(lái)，還使用遞歸把所有子節(jié)點(diǎn)的名稱顯示出來(lái)。

最后設(shè)計(jì)部包含子節(jié)點(diǎn)的節(jié)點(diǎn)。

public class Department : DepartmentComponent
{
    public Department(string name) : base(name)
    {
      
    }
    public override void PrintSupervisorOf(int spacing)
    {
      base.PrintSupervisorOf(spacing);
    }
}

客戶端部分。

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      DepartmentComposite salesDepartment1 = new DepartmentComposite("銷售部1");
      Department zhangsan = new Department("張三");
      Department lisi = new Department("李四");
      DepartmentComposite salesDepartment2 = new DepartmentComposite("銷售部2");
      DepartmentComposite specialDepartment = new DepartmentComposite("銷售部2特別行動(dòng)組");
      Department wangwu = new Department("王五");
      Department zhaoliu = new Department("趙六");
      DepartmentComposite salesDepartment = new DepartmentComposite("銷售部");
      salesDepartment.AddDepartment(salesDepartment1);
      salesDepartment.AddDepartment(salesDepartment2);
      salesDepartment1.AddDepartment(zhangsan);
      salesDepartment1.AddDepartment(lisi);
      salesDepartment2.AddDepartment(specialDepartment);
      specialDepartment.AddDepartment(wangwu);
      specialDepartment.AddDepartment(zhaoliu);
      salesDepartment.PrintSupervisorOf(0);
      Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

程序運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下圖所示：