手把手教你如何搭建SpringBoot+Vue前后端分離

更新時(shí)間：2023年03月30日 16:24:13 作者：海風(fēng)極客

這篇文章主要介紹了手把手教你如何搭建SpringBoot+Vue前后端分離,前后端分離是目前開(kāi)發(fā)中常用的開(kāi)發(fā)模式,達(dá)成充分解耦,需要的朋友可以參考下

1 什么是前后端分離

前后端分離是目前互聯(lián)網(wǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)中比較廣泛使用的開(kāi)發(fā)模式，主要是將前端和后端的項(xiàng)目業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行分離，可以做到更好的解耦合，前后端之間的交互通過(guò)xml或json的方式，前端主要做用戶界面的渲染，后端主要負(fù)責(zé)業(yè)務(wù)邏輯和數(shù)據(jù)的處理。

在這里插入圖片描述

2 Spring Boot后端搭建

2.1 Mapper層

請(qǐng)參閱這篇文章手把手教你SpringBoot整合Mybatis

此次項(xiàng)目的后端搭建就是在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的基礎(chǔ)上

2.2 Service層

接口：

/**
 * @author 17122
 */
public interface StudentService {
    /**
     * 添加一個(gè)學(xué)生
     *
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    public int saveStudent(Student student);

    /**
     * 根據(jù)ID查看一名學(xué)生
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public Student findStudentById(Integer id);

    /**
     * 查詢?nèi)繉W(xué)生
     *
     * @return
     */
    public List<Student> findAllStudent();

    /**
     * 根據(jù)ID刪除一個(gè)
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public int removeStudentById(Integer id);

    /**
     * 根據(jù)ID修改
     *
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    public int updateStudentById(Student student);


}

實(shí)現(xiàn)類：

/**
 * @author 17122
 */
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    @Autowired
    private XmlStudentMapper xmlStudentMapper;

    @Override
    public int saveStudent(Student student) {
        return xmlStudentMapper.saveStudent(student);
    }

    @Override
    public Student findStudentById(Integer id) {
        return xmlStudentMapper.findStudentById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> findAllStudent() {
        return xmlStudentMapper.findAllStudent();
    }

    @Override
    public int removeStudentById(Integer id) {
        return xmlStudentMapper.removeStudentById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int updateStudentById(Student student) {
        return xmlStudentMapper.updateStudentById(student);
    }
}

2.3 Controller層

/**
 * @author 17122
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;

    /**
     * 添加學(xué)生
     *
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/save")
    public int saveStudent(@RequestBody Student student) {
        int result;
        try {
            result = studentService.saveStudent(student);
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            return -1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 查看全部
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/findAll")
    public List<Student> findAll() {
        return studentService.findAllStudent();
    }

    /**
     * 根據(jù)ID查看
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/findById/{id}")
    public Student findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return studentService.findStudentById(id);
    }

    /**
     * 刪除一個(gè)
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @DeleteMapping("/remove/{id}")
    public int remove(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return studentService.removeStudentById(id);
    }

    /**
     * 修改學(xué)生信息
     *
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/update")
    public int update(@RequestBody Student student) {
        return studentService.updateStudentById(student);
    }

}

2.4 配置類

解決跨域請(qǐng)求

/**
 * @author 17122
 */
@Configuration
public class CorsConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
        registry.addMapping("/**")
                .allowedOriginPatterns("*")
                .allowedMethods("GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS")
                .allowCredentials(true)
                .maxAge(3600)
                .allowedHeaders("*");
    }
}

圖解跨域問(wèn)題：

在這里插入圖片描述

3 Vue前端搭建

3.1 新建Vue_cli2.x項(xiàng)目

3.2 引入路由

npm install vue-router --save

3.3 新建文件

在這里插入圖片描述

3.4 配置和測(cè)試路由

main.js配置

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
    render: h => h(App),
    router
}).$mount('#app')

index.js

//注冊(cè)路由
import Vue from 'vue';
import VueRouter from 'vue-router';
//引入路由
import index from '../view/index'
import update from "../view/update";
import selectAll from "../view/selectAll";
import selectOne from "../view/selectOne";
import insert from "../view/insert";

Vue.use(VueRouter);

const router = new VueRouter({
    routes: [
        {
            name: "主頁(yè)重定向",
            path: "/",
            redirect: "/index"
        }, {
            name: "主頁(yè)",
            path: "/index",
            component: index,
            children: [
                {
                    name: "修改操作",
                    path: "/update",
                    component: update,
                }, {
                    name: "查看全部",
                    path: "/selectAll",
                    component: selectAll,
                }, {
                    name: "查看一個(gè)",
                    path: "/selectOne",
                    component: selectOne,
                }, {
                    name: "添加一個(gè)",
                    path: "/insert",
                    component: insert,
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})

export default router

App.vue

<template>
    <div id="app">
        <router-view/>
    </div>
</template>

<script>

export default {
    name: 'App',
}
</script>

index.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <router-link to="update">update</router-link>
        <br>
        <router-link to="selectAll"> selectAll</router-link>
        <br>
        <router-link to="selectOne"> selectOne</router-link>
        <br>
        <router-link to="insert"> insert</router-link>
        <br>
        <br>
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "index"
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

insert.vue

<template>
    <div>
        insert
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "insert"
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

selectOne.vue

<template>
    <div>
        selectOne
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "selectOne"
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

selectAll.vue

<template>
    <div>
        selectAll
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "selectAll"
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

update.vue

<template>
    <div>
        update
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "update"
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

測(cè)試

啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目

npm run serve

訪問(wèn)：http://localhost:8080/

在這里插入圖片描述

點(diǎn)擊相關(guān)標(biāo)簽時(shí)會(huì)顯示響應(yīng)頁(yè)面

3.5 引入Element UI

npm i element-ui -S

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import ElementUI from 'element-ui'
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'

Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(ElementUI)
new Vue({
    render: h => h(App),
    router
}).$mount('#app')

3.6 使用Element UI美化頁(yè)面

index.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <el-menu class="el-menu-demo" mode="horizontal" :router="true">
            <el-menu-item index="/selectAll">全部學(xué)生</el-menu-item>
            <el-menu-item index="/insert">添加學(xué)生</el-menu-item>
            <el-menu-item index="/selectOne">查看學(xué)生</el-menu-item>
            <el-menu-item index="/update">修改學(xué)生</el-menu-item>
        </el-menu>
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "index"
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

insert.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon  label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm" style="margin-top:30px;width: 30%;">
            <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name" ></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="年齡" prop="checkPass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age" ></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item>
                <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">提交</el-button>
            </el-form-item>
        </el-form>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "insert",
    data() {
        return {
            ruleForm: {
                name: '',
                age: ''
            }
        };
    },
    methods: {
        submitForm(formName) {
            this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
                if (valid) {
                    alert('submit!');
                } else {
                    console.log('error submit!!');
                    return false;
                }
            });
        },
    }
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

selectOne.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"
                 style="margin-top:30px;width: 30%;">
            <el-form-item label="ID" prop="pass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="年齡" prop="checkPass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item>
                <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">提交</el-button>
                <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
            </el-form-item>
        </el-form>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "selectOne",
    data() {
        return {
            ruleForm: {
                id: '',
                name: '',
                age: ''
            }
        };
    },
    methods: {
        submitForm(formName) {
            this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
                if (valid) {
                    alert('submit!');
                } else {
                    console.log('error submit!!');
                    return false;
                }
            });
        },
        resetForm(formName) {
            this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
        }
    }
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

selectAll.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <template>
            <el-table
                  :data="tableData"
                  style="width: 60%;margin-top:30px;">
                <el-table-column
                      prop="id"
                      label="ID"
                      width="180">
                </el-table-column>
                <el-table-column
                      prop="name"
                      label="姓名"
                      width="180">
                </el-table-column>
                <el-table-column
                      prop="age"
                      label="年齡">
                </el-table-column>
                <el-table-column
                      label="操作">
                    <template>
                        <el-button type="warning" size="small">修改</el-button>
                        <el-button type="danger" size="small">刪除</el-button>
                    </template>
                </el-table-column>
            </el-table>
        </template>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "selectAll",
    data() {
        return {
            tableData: []
        }
    }
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

update.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"
                 style="margin-top:30px;width: 30%;">
            <el-form-item label="ID" prop="pass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="checkPass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="年齡" prop="age">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item>
                <el-button type="warning" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">修改</el-button>
            </el-form-item>
        </el-form>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name: "update",
    data() {
        return {
            ruleForm: {
                id: '',
                name: '',
                age: ''
            }
        };
    },
    methods: {
        submitForm(formName) {
            this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
                if (valid) {
                    alert('submit!');
                } else {
                    console.log('error submit!!');
                    return false;
                }
            });
        },
        resetForm(formName) {
            this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
        }
    }
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

效果

在這里插入圖片描述

3.7 整合axios與Spring Boot后端交互

npm install axios --save

insert.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"
                 style="margin-top:30px;width: 30%;">
            <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="年齡" prop="checkPass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item>
                <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm()">提交</el-button>
            </el-form-item>
        </el-form>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
import axios from 'axios'

export default {
    name: "insert",
    data() {
        return {
            ruleForm: {
                name: '',
                age: ''
            }
        };
    },
    methods: {
        submitForm() {
            axios.post("http://localhost:8081/student/save", this.ruleForm).then(function (resp) {
                console.log(resp)
            })
        },
    }
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

selectOne.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"
                 style="margin-top:30px;width: 30%;">
            <el-form-item label="ID" prop="pass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="年齡" prop="checkPass">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
        </el-form>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
import axios from "axios";

export default {
    name: "selectOne",
    data() {
        return {
            ruleForm: {
                id: '',
                name: '',
                age: ''
            }
        };
    },
    methods: {
        getStudent() {
            const _this = this;
            axios.get("http://localhost:8081/student/findById/" + this.$route.query.id).then(function (resp) {
                _this.ruleForm = resp.data;
            })
        }
    },
    created() {
        this.getStudent();
    }
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

selectAll.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <template>
            <el-table
                  :data="tableData"
                  style="width: 60%;margin-top:30px;">
                <el-table-column
                      prop="id"
                      label="ID"
                      width="180">
                </el-table-column>
                <el-table-column
                      prop="name"
                      label="姓名"
                      width="180">
                </el-table-column>
                <el-table-column
                      prop="age"
                      label="年齡">
                </el-table-column>
                <el-table-column
                      label="操作">
                    <template slot-scope="scope">
                        <el-button type="primary" size="small" @click="select(scope.row)">查看</el-button>
                        <el-button type="warning" size="small" @click="update(scope.row)">修改</el-button>
                        <el-button type="danger" size="small" @click="remove(scope.row)">刪除</el-button>
                    </template>
                </el-table-column>
            </el-table>
        </template>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
import axios from "axios";

export default {
    name: "selectAll",
    data() {
        return {
            tableData: []
        }
    },
    methods: {
        getData() {
            const _this = this;
            axios.get("http://localhost:8081/student/findAll").then(function (resp) {
                _this.tableData = resp.data;
            })
        },
        remove(stu) {
            const _this = this;
            if (confirm("確定刪除嗎？")) {
                axios.delete("http://localhost:8081/student/remove/" + stu.id).then(function (resp) {
                    if (resp.data == 1) {
                        _this.getData();
                    }
                })
            }
        },
        select(stu) {
            this.$router.push({
                path: "/selectOne",
                query:{
                    id: stu.id
                }
            })
        },
        update(stu) {
            this.$router.push({
                path: "/update",
                query:{
                    id: stu.id
                }
            })
        }
    },
    created() {
        this.getData();
    }
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

update.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"
                 style="margin-top:30px;width: 30%;">
            <el-form-item label="ID">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id" disabled></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="姓名">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="年齡">
                <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item>
                <el-button type="warning" @click="submitForm()">修改</el-button>
            </el-form-item>
        </el-form>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
import axios from "axios";

export default {
    name: "update",
    data() {
        return {
            ruleForm: {
                id: '',
                name: '',
                age: ''
            }
        };
    },
    methods: {
        submitForm() {
            axios.post("http://localhost:8081/student/update", this.ruleForm).then(function (resp) {
                console.log(resp)
            })
        },
        getStudent() {
            const _this = this;
            axios.get("http://localhost:8081/student/findById/" + this.$route.query.id).then(function (resp) {
                _this.ruleForm = resp.data;
            })
        }
    },
    created() {
        this.getStudent();
    }
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>