from optparse import OptionParser
from optparse import OptionGroup

usage = 'Usage: %prog [options] arg1 arg2 ...'

parser = OptionParser(usage,version='%prog 1.0')
#通過(guò)OptionParser類創(chuàng)建parser實(shí)例,初始參數(shù)usage中的%prog等同于os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]),即
#你當(dāng)前所運(yùn)行的腳本的名字，version參數(shù)用來(lái)顯示當(dāng)前腳本的版本。

'''
添加參數(shù)，-f、--file是長(zhǎng)短options，有一即可。

action用來(lái)表示將option后面的值如何處理，比如:
XXX.py -f test.txt
經(jīng)過(guò)parser.parse_args()處理后,則將test.txt這個(gè)值存儲(chǔ)進(jìn)-f所代表的一個(gè)對(duì)象，即定義-f中的dest
即option.filename = 'test.txt'
action的常用選項(xiàng)還有store_true,store_false等，這兩個(gè)通常在布爾值的選項(xiàng)中使用。

metavar僅在顯示幫助中有用，如在顯示幫助時(shí)會(huì)有：
-f FILE, --filename=FILE    write output to FILE
-m MODE, --mode=MODE  interaction mode: novice, intermediate, or expert
                        [default: intermediate]
如果-f這一項(xiàng)沒(méi)有metavr參數(shù)，則在上面會(huì)顯示為-f FILENAME --filename=FILENAME,即會(huì)顯示dest的值

defalut是某一選項(xiàng)的默認(rèn)值，當(dāng)調(diào)用腳本時(shí)，參數(shù)沒(méi)有指定值時(shí)，即采用default的默認(rèn)值。
'''

parser.add_option('-f','--file',
                  action='store',dest='filename',
                  metavar='FILE',help='write output to FILE')

parser.add_option('-m','--mode',
                  default = 'intermediate',
                  help='interaction mode:novice,intermediate,or expert [default:%default]')
parser.add_option('-v','--verbose',
                  action='store_true',dest='verbose',default=True,
                  help='make lots of noise [default]')

parser.add_option('-q','--quiet',
                  action='store_false',dest='verbose',
                  help="be vewwy quiet (I'm hunting wabbits)")

group = OptionGroup(parser,'Dangerous Options',
                    'Caution: use these options at your own risk.'
                    'It is believed that some of them bite.')
#調(diào)用OptionGroup類，定制以組顯示的option

group.add_option('-g',action='store_true',help='Group option.')
#添加option
parser.add_option_group(group)
#將剛定制的groupoption加入parser中

group = OptionGroup(parser,'Debug Options')
group.add_option('-d','--debug',action='store_true',
                 help='Print debug information.')
group.add_option('-s','--sql',action='store_true',
                 help='Print all SQL statements executed')
group.add_option('-e',action='store_true',help='Print every action done')
parser.add_option_group(group)

(options,args) = parser.parse_args()
#解析腳本輸入的參數(shù)值，options是一個(gè)包含了option值的對(duì)象
#args是一個(gè)位置參數(shù)的列表

Usage: test_optparse.py [options] arg1 arg2 ...

Options:
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -f FILE, --file=FILE  write output to FILE
  -m MODE, --mode=MODE  interaction mode:novice,intermediate,or expert
                        [default:intermediate]
  -v, --verbose         make lots of noise [default]
  -q, --quiet           be vewwy quiet (I'm hunting wabbits)

  Dangerous Options:
    Caution: use these options at your own risk.It is believed that some
    of them bite.

    -g                  Group option.

  Debug Options:
    -d, --debug         Print debug information.
    -s, --sql           Print all SQL statements executed
    -e                  Print every action done