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Springboot使用Logback實(shí)現(xiàn)日志配置與異常記錄

更新時(shí)間：2022年11月20日 13:48:47 作者：Buckletime

默認(rèn)情況下，SpringBoot內(nèi)部使用logback作為系統(tǒng)日志實(shí)現(xiàn)的框架，將日志輸出到控制臺(tái)，不會(huì)寫到日志文件。本篇文章主要講解下如何自定義logabck.xml以及對(duì)logback文件中配置做一個(gè)詳解，需要的可以參考一下

概述

默認(rèn)情況下，SpringBoot內(nèi)部使用logback作為系統(tǒng)日志實(shí)現(xiàn)的框架，將日志輸出到控制臺(tái)，不會(huì)寫到日志文件。如果在application.properties或application.yml配置，這樣只能配置簡(jiǎn)單的場(chǎng)景，保存路徑、日志格式等。復(fù)雜的場(chǎng)景（區(qū)分 info 和 error 的日志、每天產(chǎn)生一個(gè)日志文件等）滿足不了，只能自定義配置文件logback-spring.xml或者logback.xml。本篇文章主要講解下如何自定義logabck.xml以及對(duì)logback文件中配置做一個(gè)詳解。

logback配置詳解

首先我們先了解下logback。

logback 主要分為三個(gè)模塊：

logback-core：是其他兩個(gè)模塊的基礎(chǔ)模塊
logback-classic：是對(duì) core 模塊的擴(kuò)展，相當(dāng)于 log4j 的改良版。classic 模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)了 Slf4j 的 API 因此可以便于和其他日志框架直接切換
logback-access：與Servlet容器集成，以提供http訪問日志功能。

官網(wǎng)配置文檔地址：https://logback.qos.ch/manual/configuration.html

logback配置

1.application .properties

# 日志打印信息配置
logging.config=classpath:logback-spring.xml

2.logback-spring.xml

<?mybatis version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="60 seconds" debug="false">
    <contextName>logback</contextName>
    <!--輸出到控制臺(tái)-->
    <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <!-- <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
             <level>ERROR</level>
         </filter>-->
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %contextName [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><!-- 日志文件會(huì)滾動(dòng) -->
        <!-- 文件路徑 -->
        <file>./logs/gf_scanning.log</file><!-- 當(dāng)前的日志文件存放路徑 -->
        <!-- 日志滾動(dòng)策略 -->
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!-- 歷史日志文件的存放路徑和名稱 -->
            <fileNamePattern>./logs/gf_scanning.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <!-- 日志文件最大的保存歷史 數(shù)量-->
            <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %contextName [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern> <!-- 日志文件中日志的格式 -->
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root level="info">
        <appender-ref ref="console"/>
        <appender-ref ref="file"/>
    </root>
</configuration>

異常情況

遇到個(gè)奇怪的問題，按上述配置完成logback的配置后，大多項(xiàng)目可以正常運(yùn)行并保存日志到文件，但有一個(gè)項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)。java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize Logback logging from classpath:logback-spring.xml ... Caused by: ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.JoranException: Parser configuration error occurred

Logging system failed to initialize using configuration from 'classpath:logback-spring.xml'
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize Logback logging from classpath:logback-spring.xml
   at org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem.loadConfiguration(LogbackLoggingSystem.java:168)
   at org.springframework.boot.logging.AbstractLoggingSystem.initializeWithSpecificConfig(AbstractLoggingSystem.java:66)
   at org.springframework.boot.logging.AbstractLoggingSystem.initialize(AbstractLoggingSystem.java:57)
   at org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem.initialize(LogbackLoggingSystem.java:132)
   at org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.initializeSystem(LoggingApplicationListener.java:316)
   at org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.initialize(LoggingApplicationListener.java:282)
   at org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(LoggingApplicationListener.java:240)
   at org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.onApplicationEvent(LoggingApplicationListener.java:216)
   at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.doInvokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:176)
   at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.invokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:169)
   at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:143)
   at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:131)
   at org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener.environmentPrepared(EventPublishingRunListener.java:85)
   at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.lambda$environmentPrepared$2(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:66)
   at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257)
   at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.doWithListeners(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:120)
   at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.doWithListeners(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:114)
   at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.environmentPrepared(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:65)
   at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.prepareEnvironment(SpringApplication.java:339)
   at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:297)
   at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1312)
   at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1301)
   at cn.piesat.ScanningApplication.main(ScanningApplication.java:18)
Caused by: ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.JoranException: Parser configuration error occurred
   at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.event.SaxEventRecorder.buildSaxParser(SaxEventRecorder.java:89)
   at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.event.SaxEventRecorder.recordEvents(SaxEventRecorder.java:57)
   at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.GenericConfigurator.doConfigure(GenericConfigurator.java:151)
   at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.GenericConfigurator.doConfigure(GenericConfigurator.java:110)
   at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.GenericConfigurator.doConfigure(GenericConfigurator.java:53)
   at org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem.configureByResourceUrl(LogbackLoggingSystem.java:188)
   at org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem.loadConfiguration(LogbackLoggingSystem.java:165)
   ... 22 more
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXNotSupportedException: Feature: http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities
   at org.apache.crimson.parser.XMLReaderImpl.setFeature(XMLReaderImpl.java:211)
   at org.apache.crimson.jaxp.SAXParserImpl.setFeatures(SAXParserImpl.java:143)
   at org.apache.crimson.jaxp.SAXParserImpl.<init>(SAXParserImpl.java:126)
   at org.apache.crimson.jaxp.SAXParserFactoryImpl.newSAXParserImpl(SAXParserFactoryImpl.java:113)
   at org.apache.crimson.jaxp.SAXParserFactoryImpl.setFeature(SAXParserFactoryImpl.java:141)
   at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.event.SaxEventRecorder.buildSaxParser(SaxEventRecorder.java:82)
   ... 28 more
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:64222', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code 1

可能是由于jar包沖突，在pom文件中單獨(dú)引入logback-core的依賴后，問題解決。

<!-- logback 日志 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.7</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

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