//查看老版本編譯信息
[root@nginx ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.2
built by gcc 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-4) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1k  FIPS 25 Mar 2021
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module

//準(zhǔn)備好新版本安裝包和功能包
[root@nginx ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz

[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install git
[root@nginx ~]# git clone https://gitee.com/Their-own/nginx_module_echo.git
[root@nginx ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  nginx-1.20.2  nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz  nginx-1.22.0  nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz  nginx_module_echo

//解壓并編譯
[root@nginx ~]# tar xf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz 
[root@nginx ~]# cd nginx-1.22.0
[root@nginx nginx-1.22.0]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--add-module=../nginx_module_echo	//添加新功能使用-add-module=模塊目錄位置
[root@nginx nginx-1.22.0]# make
[root@nginx nginx-1.22.0]# ls
CHANGES  CHANGES.ru  LICENSE  Makefile  README  auto  conf  configure  contrib  html  man  objs  src
[root@nginx nginx-1.22.0]# objs/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.22.0
[root@nginx nginx-1.22.0]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.20.2

//一步到位
[root@nginx nginx-1.22.0]# cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx{,-bak};pkill nginx;\cp ./objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx;systemctl start nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.22.0]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.22.0
[root@nginx nginx-1.22.0]# ss -anlt
State        Recv-Q        Send-Q               Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port       Process       
LISTEN       0             128                        0.0.0.0:80                      0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0             128                        0.0.0.0:22                      0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0             128                           [::]:22                         [::]:*                        

derective value1 [value2 ...];
支持使用變量：
 
內(nèi)置變量：模塊會(huì)提供內(nèi)建變量定義
自定義變量：set var_name value

daemon {on|off};    //是否以守護(hù)進(jìn)程方式運(yùn)行nginx，調(diào)試時(shí)應(yīng)設(shè)置為off
master_process {on|off};    //是否以master/worker模型來(lái)運(yùn)行nginx，調(diào)試時(shí)可以設(shè)置為off
error_log 位置 級(jí)別;    //配置錯(cuò)誤日志
error_log里的位置和級(jí)別能有以下可選項(xiàng)：

user USERNAME [GROUPNAME];    //指定運(yùn)行worker進(jìn)程的用戶(hù)和組
pid /path/to/pid_file;    //指定nginx守護(hù)進(jìn)程的pid文件
worker_rlimit_nofile number;    //設(shè)置所有worker進(jìn)程最大可以打開(kāi)的文件數(shù)，默認(rèn)為1024
worker_rlimit_core size;    //指明所有worker進(jìn)程所能夠使用的總體的最大核心文件大小，保持默認(rèn)即可

worker_processes n;    //啟動(dòng)n個(gè)worker進(jìn)程，這里的n為了避免上下文切換，通常設(shè)置為cpu總核心數(shù)-1或等于總核心數(shù)
worker_cpu_affinity cpumask ...;    //將進(jìn)程綁定到某cpu中，避免頻繁刷新緩存
//cpumask：使用8位二進(jìn)制表示cpu核心，如：
    0000 0001   //第一顆cpu核心
    0000 0010   //第二顆cpu核心
    0000 0100   //第三顆cpu核心
    0000 1000   //第四顆cpu核心
    0001 0000   //第五顆cpu核心
    0010 0000   //第六顆cpu核心
    0100 0000   //第七顆cpu核心
    1000 0000   //第八顆cpu核心
timer_resolution interval;    //計(jì)時(shí)器解析度。降低此值，可減少gettimeofday()系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的次數(shù)
worker_priority number;    //指明worker進(jìn)程的nice值
6.5 事件相關(guān)的配置：event{}段中的配置參數(shù)
accept_mutex {off|on};    //master調(diào)度用戶(hù)請(qǐng)求至各worker進(jìn)程時(shí)使用的負(fù)載均衡鎖；on表示能讓多個(gè)worker輪流地、序列化地去響應(yīng)新請(qǐng)求
lock_file file;    //accept_mutex用到的互斥鎖鎖文件路徑
use [epoll | rtsig | select | poll];    //指明使用的事件模型，建議讓nginx自行選擇
worker_connections #;    //每個(gè)進(jìn)程能夠接受的最大連接數(shù)

keepalive_timeout number;    //長(zhǎng)連接的超時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)，默認(rèn)為65s
keepalive_requests number;    //在一個(gè)長(zhǎng)連接上所能夠允許請(qǐng)求的最大資源數(shù)
keepalive_disable [msie6|safari|none];    //為指定類(lèi)型的UserAgent禁用長(zhǎng)連接
tcp_nodelay on|off;    //是否對(duì)長(zhǎng)連接使用TCP_NODELAY選項(xiàng)，為了提升用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)，通常設(shè)為on
client_header_timeout number;    //讀取http請(qǐng)求報(bào)文首部的超時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)
client_body_timeout number;    //讀取http請(qǐng)求報(bào)文body部分的超時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)
send_timeout number;    //發(fā)送響應(yīng)報(bào)文的超時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)

location ~ \.php$ {
  root html;
  fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;      //定義反向代理
  fastcgi_index index.php;
  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
  include fastcgi_params;
}

http {//協(xié)議級(jí)別
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
  gzip on;
  upstream {//負(fù)載均衡配置
    ...
  }
  server {//服務(wù)器級(jí)別，每個(gè)server類(lèi)似于httpd中的一個(gè)<VirtualHost>
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    location / {//請(qǐng)求級(jí)別，類(lèi)似于httpd中的<Location>，用于定義URL與本地文件系統(tǒng)的映射關(guān)系
      root html;
      index index.html index.htm;
    }
  }
}

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name www.idfsoft.com;
  root "/vhosts/web";
}

listen address[:port];
listen port;
server_name NAME [...]; 后面可跟多個(gè)主機(jī)，名稱(chēng)可使用正則表達(dá)式或通配符

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log  logs/access.log  main;
 
//注意：格式名main可自己定義，但要一一對(duì)應(yīng)，另外此處可用變量為nginx各模塊內(nèi)建變量

//功能：允許根據(jù)用戶(hù)請(qǐng)求的URI來(lái)匹配定義的各location，匹配到時(shí)，此請(qǐng)求將被相應(yīng)的location配置塊中的配置所處理，例如做訪問(wèn)控制等功能
 
//語(yǔ)法：location [ 修飾符 ] pattern {......}
常用修飾符說(shuō)明：

( location = 路徑 ) --> ( location ^~ 路徑 ) --> ( location ~ 正則 ) --> ( location ~* 正則 ) --> ( location 路徑 )

//如沒(méi)添加任何修飾符則按先后順序
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
//添加三個(gè)訪問(wèn)頁(yè)面測(cè)試
location / {
            echo 'haha';
        }

        location /xixi {
            echo 'xixi';
        }

        location /hehe {
            echo 'hehe';
        }
[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx.service 
[root@localhost conf]# curl 192.168.111.141   
haha
[root@localhost conf]# curl 192.168.111.141/xixi  
xixi
[root@localhost conf]# curl 192.168.111.141/hehe
hehe  

// =精確匹配
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
location / {
            echo 'haha;
        }

        location /xixi {
            echo 'xixi';
        }

        location = /xixi {   
            echo 'hehe';
        }

[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx.service 
//可以看到兩個(gè)目錄一樣，但是=優(yōu)先級(jí)大于沒(méi)有加=的，所以訪問(wèn)的是hehe
[root@localhost conf]# curl 192.168.111.141/xixi   
hehe

//添加 ~ 為區(qū)分大小寫(xiě)
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
location / {
            echo 'haha';
        }

        location /xixi {
            echo 'xixi';
        }

        location ~ /xixi {   
            echo 'hehe';
        }
[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx.service 
//因?yàn)閰^(qū)分大小寫(xiě)找不到資源所以輸出的是默認(rèn)haha
[root@localhost conf]# curl 192.168.111.141/XIXI
haha
[root@localhost conf]# curl 192.168.111.141/xixi  
hehe

//  ~* 為不區(qū)分大小寫(xiě)
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
location / {
            echo 'haha';
        }

        location /xixi {
            echo 'xixi';
        }

        location ~* /xixi {
            echo 'hehe';
        }
[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx.service     
//因?yàn)椴粎^(qū)分大小寫(xiě)所以XIXI和xixi都能訪問(wèn)到hehe
[root@localhost conf]# curl 192.168.111.141/XIXI
hehe
[root@localhost conf]# curl 192.168.111.141/xixi
hehe

// ^~ 為前綴匹配
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
location / {
            echo 'haha';
        }

        location ^~/xixi {   
            echo 'xixi';
        }

        location ~ /xixi {
            echo 'hehe';

[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx.service 
 //前綴匹配如果訪問(wèn)到了資源則停止搜索
[root@localhost conf]# curl 192.168.111.141/xixi   
xixi