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python機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)pytorch自定義數(shù)據(jù)加載器

 更新時間:2022年10月12日 14:45:58   作者:0+xuejianxinokok  
這篇文章主要為大家介紹了python機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)pytorch自定義數(shù)據(jù)加載器使用示例學(xué)習(xí),有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下,希望能夠有所幫助,祝大家多多進(jìn)步,早日升職加薪

正文

處理數(shù)據(jù)樣本的代碼可能會逐漸變得混亂且難以維護(hù);理想情況下,我們希望我們的數(shù)據(jù)集代碼與我們的模型訓(xùn)練代碼分離,以獲得更好的可讀性和模塊化。PyTorch 提供了兩個數(shù)據(jù)原語:torch.utils.data.DataLoadertorch.utils.data.Dataset 允許我們使用預(yù)加載的數(shù)據(jù)集以及自定義數(shù)據(jù)。 Dataset存儲樣本及其對應(yīng)的標(biāo)簽,DataLoader封裝了一個迭代器用于遍歷Dataset,以便輕松訪問樣本數(shù)據(jù)。

PyTorch 領(lǐng)域庫提供了許多預(yù)加載的數(shù)據(jù)集(例如 FashionMNIST),這些數(shù)據(jù)集繼承自torch.utils.data.Dataset并實(shí)現(xiàn)了特定于特定數(shù)據(jù)的功能。它們可用于對您的模型進(jìn)行原型設(shè)計和基準(zhǔn)測試。你可以在這里找到它們:圖像數(shù)據(jù)集、 文本數(shù)據(jù)集和 音頻數(shù)據(jù)集

1. 加載數(shù)據(jù)集

下面是如何從 TorchVision 加載Fashion-MNIST數(shù)據(jù)集的示例。Fashion-MNIST 是 Zalando 文章圖像的數(shù)據(jù)集,由 60,000 個訓(xùn)練示例和 10,000 個測試示例組成。每個示例都包含 28×28 灰度圖像和來自 10 個類別之一的相關(guān)標(biāo)簽。

我們使用以下參數(shù)加載FashionMNIST 數(shù)據(jù)集:

  • root是存儲訓(xùn)練/測試數(shù)據(jù)的路徑,
  • train指定訓(xùn)練或測試數(shù)據(jù)集,
  • download=True如果數(shù)據(jù)不可用,則從 Internet 下載數(shù)據(jù)root
  • transformtarget_transform指定特征和標(biāo)簽轉(zhuǎn)換
import torch
from torch.utils.data import Dataset
from torchvision import datasets
from torchvision.transforms import ToTensor
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
training_data = datasets.FashionMNIST(
    root="data",
    train=True,
    download=True,
    transform=ToTensor()
)
test_data = datasets.FashionMNIST(
    root="data",
    train=False,
    download=True,
    transform=ToTensor()
)
Downloading http://fashion-mnist.s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Downloading http://fashion-mnist.s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz to data/FashionMNIST/raw/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
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Extracting data/FashionMNIST/raw/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz to data/FashionMNIST/raw
Downloading http://fashion-mnist.s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
Downloading http://fashion-mnist.s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz to data/FashionMNIST/raw/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
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Extracting data/FashionMNIST/raw/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz to data/FashionMNIST/raw
Downloading http://fashion-mnist.s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Downloading http://fashion-mnist.s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz to data/FashionMNIST/raw/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
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Extracting data/FashionMNIST/raw/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz to data/FashionMNIST/raw
Downloading http://fashion-mnist.s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
Downloading http://fashion-mnist.s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz to data/FashionMNIST/raw/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
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Extracting data/FashionMNIST/raw/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz to data/FashionMNIST/raw

2. 迭代和可視化數(shù)據(jù)集

我們可以像python 列表一樣索引Datasets,比如:

training_data[index]

我們用matplotlib來可視化訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)中的一些樣本。

labels_map = {
    0: "T-Shirt",
    1: "Trouser",
    2: "Pullover",
    3: "Dress",
    4: "Coat",
    5: "Sandal",
    6: "Shirt",
    7: "Sneaker",
    8: "Bag",
    9: "Ankle Boot",
}
figure = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
cols, rows = 3, 3
for i in range(1, cols * rows + 1):
    sample_idx = torch.randint(len(training_data), size=(1,)).item()
    img, label = training_data[sample_idx]
    figure.add_subplot(rows, cols, i)
    plt.title(labels_map[label])
    plt.axis("off")
    plt.imshow(img.squeeze(), cmap="gray")
plt.show()

3.創(chuàng)建自定義數(shù)據(jù)集

自定義 Dataset 類必須實(shí)現(xiàn)三個函數(shù):init、len__和__getitem

比如: FashionMNIST 圖像存儲在一個目錄img_dir中,它們的標(biāo)簽分別存儲在一個 CSV 文件annotations_file中。

在接下來的部分中,我們將分析每個函數(shù)中發(fā)生的事情。

import os
import pandas as pd
from torchvision.io import read_image
class CustomImageDataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self, annotations_file, img_dir, transform=None, target_transform=None):
        self.img_labels = pd.read_csv(annotations_file)
        self.img_dir = img_dir
        self.transform = transform
        self.target_transform = target_transform
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.img_labels)
    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        img_path = os.path.join(self.img_dir, self.img_labels.iloc[idx, 0])
        image = read_image(img_path)
        label = self.img_labels.iloc[idx, 1]
        if self.transform:
            image = self.transform(image)
        if self.target_transform:
            label = self.target_transform(label)
        return image, label

3.1 __init__

init 函數(shù)在實(shí)例化 Dataset 對象時運(yùn)行一次。我們初始化包含圖像、注釋文件和兩種轉(zhuǎn)換的目錄(在下一節(jié)中更詳細(xì)地介紹)。

labels.csv 文件如下所示:

tshirt1.jpg, 0
tshirt2.jpg, 0
......
ankleboot999.jpg, 9
def __init__(self, annotations_file, img_dir, transform=None, target_transform=None):
    self.img_labels = pd.read_csv(annotations_file)
    self.img_dir = img_dir
    self.transform = transform
    self.target_transform = target_transform

3.2 __len__

len 函數(shù)返回我們數(shù)據(jù)集中的樣本數(shù)。

例子:

def __len__(self):
    return len(self.img_labels)

3.3 __getitem__

getitem 函數(shù)從給定索引處的數(shù)據(jù)集中加載并返回一個樣本idx?;谒饕?,它識別圖像在磁盤上的位置,使用 將其轉(zhuǎn)換為張量read_image,從 csv 數(shù)據(jù)中檢索相應(yīng)的標(biāo)簽self.img_labels,調(diào)用它們的轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù)(如果適用),并返回張量圖像和相應(yīng)的標(biāo)簽一個元組。

def __getitem__(self, idx):
    img_path = os.path.join(self.img_dir, self.img_labels.iloc[idx, 0])
    image = read_image(img_path)
    label = self.img_labels.iloc[idx, 1]
    if self.transform:
        image = self.transform(image)
    if self.target_transform:
        label = self.target_transform(label)
    return image, label

4. 使用 DataLoaders 為訓(xùn)練準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)

Dataset一次加載一個樣本數(shù)據(jù)和其對應(yīng)的label。在訓(xùn)練模型時,我們通常希望以minibatches“小批量”的形式傳遞樣本,在每個 epoch 重新洗牌以減少模型過擬合,并使用 Pythonmultiprocessing加速數(shù)據(jù)檢索。

DataLoader是一個可迭代對象,它封裝了復(fù)雜性并暴漏了簡單的API。

from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
train_dataloader = DataLoader(training_data, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)
test_dataloader = DataLoader(test_data, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)

5.遍歷 DataLoader

我們已將該數(shù)據(jù)集加載到 DataLoader中,并且可以根據(jù)需要遍歷數(shù)據(jù)集。下面的每次迭代都會返回一批train_featurestrain_labels(分別包含batch_size=64特征和標(biāo)簽)。因?yàn)槲覀冎付?code>shuffle=True了 ,所以在我們遍歷所有批次之后,數(shù)據(jù)被打亂(為了更細(xì)粒度地控制數(shù)據(jù)加載順序,請查看Samplers)。

# Display image and label.
train_features, train_labels = next(iter(train_dataloader))
print(f"Feature batch shape: {train_features.size()}")
print(f"Labels batch shape: {train_labels.size()}")
img = train_features[0].squeeze()
label = train_labels[0]
plt.imshow(img, cmap="gray")
plt.show()
print(f"Label: {label}")

Feature batch shape: torch.Size([64, 1, 28, 28])
Labels batch shape: torch.Size([64])
Label: 4

以上就是python機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)pytorch自定義數(shù)據(jù)加載器的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于python pytorch自定義數(shù)據(jù)加載器的資料請關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!

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