MySQL on k8s 云原生環(huán)境部署

更新時(shí)間：2022年09月23日 10:49:37 作者：大數(shù)據(jù)老司機(jī)

這篇文章主要為大家介紹了MySQL on k8s 云原生環(huán)境部署實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程詳解，有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下，希望能夠有所幫助，祝大家多多進(jìn)步，早日升職加薪

一、概述

MySQL是一個(gè)關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)，由瑞典MySQL AB 公司開(kāi)發(fā)，屬于 Oracle 旗下產(chǎn)品。MySQL 是最流行的關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)之一，在 WEB 應(yīng)用方面，MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System，關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)) 應(yīng)用軟件之一。這里主要講mysql部署在k8s上，mysql部署在k8s上的優(yōu)勢(shì)主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：

資源隔離
動(dòng)態(tài)彈性擴(kuò)縮容
環(huán)境一致性
運(yùn)維方便

官方文檔：docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/… MySQL 原理介紹也可以參考我這篇文章：MySQL原理介紹

二、開(kāi)始部署（一主兩從）

1）添加源

helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
helm pull bitnami/mysql
tar -xf mysql-9.3.3.tgz

2）修改配置

修改mysql/values.yaml

...
image:
  registry: myharbor.com
  repository: bigdata/mysql
  tag: 8.0.30-debian-11-r15
...
architecture: replication
...
primary:
  persistence:
    enabled: true
    size: 10Gi
    storageClass: "mysql-local-storage"
    # 目錄需要提前在宿主機(jī)上創(chuàng)建
    local:
    - name: mysql-0
      host: "local-168-182-110"
      path: "/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1"
  service:
    type: NodePort
    nodePorts:
      mysql: "30306"
secondary:
  replicaCount: 2
  persistence:
    enabled: true
    size: 10Gi
    storageClass: "mysql-local-storage"
    # 目錄需要提前在宿主機(jī)上創(chuàng)建
    local:
    - name: mysql-1
      host: "local-168-182-111"
      path: "/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1"
    - name: mysql-2
      host: "local-168-182-112"
      path: "/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1"
  service:
    type: NodePort
    nodePorts:
      mysql: "30307"
...
metrics:
  ## @param metrics.enabled Start a side-car prometheus exporter
  ##
  enabled: true
  image:
    registry: myharbor.com
    repository: bigdata/mysqld-exporter
    tag: 0.14.0-debian-11-r33

添加mysql/templates/pv.yaml

{{- range .Values.primary.persistence.local }}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: {{ .name }}
  labels:
    name: {{ .name }}
spec:
  storageClassName: {{ $.Values.primary.persistence.storageClass }}
  capacity:
    storage: {{ $.Values.primary.persistence.size }}
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  local:
    path: {{ .path }}
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
        - matchExpressions:
            - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
              operator: In
              values:
                - {{ .host }}
---
{{- end }}
{{- range .Values.secondary.persistence.local }}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: {{ .name }}
  labels:
    name: {{ .name }}
spec:
  storageClassName: {{ $.Values.secondary.persistence.storageClass }}
  capacity:
    storage: {{ $.Values.secondary.persistence.size }}
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  local:
    path: {{ .path }}
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
        - matchExpressions:
            - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
              operator: In
              values:
                - {{ .host }}
---
{{- end }}

添加mysql/templates/storage-class.yaml

kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: {{ .Values.primary.persistence.storageClass }}
provisioner: kubernetes.io/no-provisioner

3）開(kāi)始安裝

# 創(chuàng)建持久化目錄
mkdir -p /opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1
# 先準(zhǔn)備好鏡像
docker pull docker.io/bitnami/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15
docker tag docker.io/bitnami/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15 myharbor.com/bigdata/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15
docker push myharbor.com/bigdata/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15
# mysqld-exporter
docker pull docker.io/bitnami/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33
docker tag docker.io/bitnami/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33 myharbor.com/bigdata/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33
docker push myharbor.com/bigdata/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33
# 開(kāi)始安裝
helm install mysql ./mysql -n mysql --create-namespace

NOTES

NAME: mysql
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Sep 19 23:57:18 2022
NAMESPACE: mysql
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: mysql
CHART VERSION: 9.3.3
APP VERSION: 8.0.30
** Please be patient while the chart is being deployed **
Tip:
  Watch the deployment status using the command: kubectl get pods -w --namespace mysql
Services:
  echo Primary: mysql-primary.mysql.svc.cluster.local:3306
  echo Secondary: mysql-secondary.mysql.svc.cluster.local:3306
Execute the following to get the administrator credentials:
  echo Username: root
  MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace mysql mysql -o jsonpath="{.data.mysql-root-password}" | base64 -d)
To connect to your database:
  1. Run a pod that you can use as a client:
      kubectl run mysql-client --rm --tty -i --restart='Never' --image  myharbor.com/bigdata/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15 --namespace mysql --env MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD --command -- bash
  2. To connect to primary service (read/write):
      mysql -h mysql-primary.mysql.svc.cluster.local -uroot -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"
  3. To connect to secondary service (read-only):
      mysql -h mysql-secondary.mysql.svc.cluster.local -uroot -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"
To access the MySQL Prometheus metrics from outside the cluster execute the following commands:
    kubectl port-forward --namespace mysql svc/mysql-metrics 9104:9104 &
    curl http://127.0.0.1:9104/metrics

查看pod狀態(tài)

kubectl get pods,svc -n mysql -owide

4）測(cè)試驗(yàn)證

【溫馨提示】從庫(kù)（slave）是只讀的。就是簡(jiǎn)單的讀寫(xiě)測(cè)試，還有就是pod掛了，能否正常拉起等等。這個(gè)測(cè)試驗(yàn)證比較簡(jiǎn)單。這里就不一步步的演示了。

5）Prometheus監(jiān)控

Prometheus：

可以通過(guò)命令查看采集數(shù)據(jù)

kubectl get --raw http://10.244.0.74:9104/metrics
kubectl get --raw http://10.244.1.125:9104/metrics
kubectl get --raw http://10.244.2.178:9104/metrics

Grafana 賬號(hào)：admin，密碼通過(guò)下面命令獲取

kubectl get secret --namespace grafana grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode ; echo

導(dǎo)入grafana模板，集群資源監(jiān)控：7362 官方模塊下載地址：grafana.com/grafana/das…

6）卸載

helm uninstall mysql -n mysql 
kubectl delete pod -n mysql `kubectl get pod -n mysql |awk 'NR&gt;1{print $1}'` --force
kubectl patch ns mysql -p '{"metadata":{"finalizers":null}}'
kubectl delete ns mysql --force

這里只是實(shí)現(xiàn)了mysql 的主從，沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)高可用，官方目前沒(méi)有出mysql ok k8s高可用的實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，雖然網(wǎng)上也有高可用的實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，但是我們公司沒(méi)真正去落地使用，所以不予評(píng)價(jià)網(wǎng)上的高可用的方案，有興趣的小伙伴可以去試試，其實(shí)mysql在大數(shù)據(jù)領(lǐng)域一般只是作為元數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)，主掛了，影響不是很大。目前也在研究mysql on k8s 的高可用實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，如果后期有mysql on k8s高可用真正落地到生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中使用，到時(shí)候再來(lái)分享一下。

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