Android Jetpack組件支持庫DataBinding與ViewModel與LiveData及Room詳解

更新時間：2022年09月19日 15:49:16 作者：艾陽Blog

Jetpack是一個由多個技術(shù)庫組成的套件，可幫助開發(fā)者遵循最佳做法，減少樣板代碼并編寫可在各種Android版本和設(shè)備中一致運行的代碼，讓開發(fā)者精力集中編寫重要的代碼

一、官方推薦的Jetpack架構(gòu)

ViewModel是介于View（視圖）和Model（數(shù)據(jù)模型）之間的中間層，能夠使視圖和數(shù)據(jù)分離，又能提供視圖和數(shù)據(jù)之間的通信。

LiveData是一個能夠在ViewModel中數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生變化時通知頁面刷新UI線程的組件庫。

Room是在SQLLite上提供了一層封裝。（Android采用SQLLite作為數(shù)據(jù)庫存儲）

二、添加依賴

implementation "androidx.activity:activity-ktx:1.2.0"
implementation "androidx.fragment:fragment-ktx:1.3.0"

下面的案例，只是簡潔的代碼片段，大致介紹一下，讓大家了解這個架構(gòu)。具體詳細代碼及深度原理，請大家自行查閱其他深度講解文章。

三、創(chuàng)建Repository

StudentRepository

class StudentRepository {
    var studentDao: StudentDao? = null
    constructor(context: Context) {
        val database = MyDatabase.getInstance(context)
        studentDao = database!!.getStudentDao()
    }
    //LiveData集合
    fun getAllStudentsLive(): LiveData<List<Student>> {
        return studentDao!!.getAllStudentsLive()
    }
    fun deleteAllStudents() {
        studentDao!!.deleteAllStudents()
    }
    fun queryAll(): List<Student>? {
        return studentDao!!.queryAll()
    }
    fun insertStudent(vararg student: Student?) {
        studentDao!!.insertStudent(*student)
    }
    fun deleteStudent(vararg student: Student) {
        studentDao!!.deleteStudent(*student)
    }
    fun updateStudent(vararg student: Student) {
        studentDao!!.updateStudent(*student)
    }
}

StudentDao

@Dao
interface StudentDao {
    @Insert
    fun insertStudent(vararg students: Student?)
    @Delete
    fun deleteStudent(vararg students: Student?)
    @Update
    fun updateStudent(vararg students: Student?)
    @Query("SELECT * FROM student")
    fun getAllStudent(): List<Student?>?
    @Query("SELECT * FROM student WHERE id = :id")
    fun getStudentById(id: Int): List<Student?>?
}

Repository類中是關(guān)于Dao的操作，getAllStudentsLive()方法返回的是一個LiveData集合。

四、創(chuàng)建ViewModel

StudentViewModel

class StudentViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application) {
	//初始化Repository對象
    private val repository by lazy { StudentRepository(application) } 
	//定義LiveData集合
    private var liveDataStudent: LiveData<List<Student>>? = null
    init {
        liveDataStudent = repository.getAllStudentsLive()
    }
    fun getAllStudentsLive(): LiveData<List<Student>>? {
        viewModelScope.launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
            liveDataStudent = repository.getAllStudentsLive()
        }
        return liveDataStudent
    }
    private fun insertStudent(vararg student: Student) {
        viewModelScope.launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
            repository.insertStudent(*student)
        }
    }
    private fun deleteStudent(vararg student: Student) {
        viewModelScope.launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
            repository.deleteStudent(*student)
        }
    }
    private fun updateStudent(vararg student: Student) {
        viewModelScope.launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
            repository.updateStudent(*student)
        }
    }
    private fun deleteAllStudents() {
        viewModelScope.launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
            repository.deleteAllStudents()
        }
    }
	//以下為DataBinding布局調(diào)用的方法-------------------
    fun mInsert() {
        val s1 = Student("zhangsan", 26)
        val s2 = Student("lisi", 18)
        insertStudent(s1, s2)
    }
    fun mClear() {
        deleteAllStudents()
    }
    fun mDelete() {
        var s1 = Student(3)
        deleteStudent(s1)
    }
    fun mUpdate() {
        val s1 = Student(2, "wanger", 21)
        updateStudent(s1)
    }
}

初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫Repository，創(chuàng)建一個livedata集合的屬性，并提供對其操作的方法。

五、activity中使用

mainActivity

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private var adapter: StudentRecyclerViewAdapter? = null
    private var listStudent: ArrayList<Student> = ArrayList()
    private var viewModel: StudentViewModel? = null
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        //databinding
        val binding = DataBindingUtil.
            setContentView<ActivityMainBinding>(this, R.layout.activity_main)
        //viewmodel
        viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this)[StudentViewModel::class.java]
        binding.studentViewModel = viewModel
        binding.lifecycleOwner = this
        binding.recycleView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this)
        adapter = StudentRecyclerViewAdapter(listStudent)
        binding.recycleView.adapter = adapter
		//livedata、room
        viewModel!!.getAllStudentsLive()!!.
            observe(this,androidx.lifecycle.Observer {
                adapter!!.students = it
                adapter!!.notifyDataSetChanged()
            })
    }
}

上面案例中，通過ActivityMainBinding獲取對應(yīng)控件，添加對應(yīng)的邏輯，其次使用getAllStudentsLive方法獲取到對應(yīng)的LiveData，并通過observe監(jiān)聽LiveData集合。

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