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使用Pyinstaller打包exe文件詳細(xì)圖文教程

 更新時(shí)間:2022年08月15日 12:04:23   作者:彳亍261  
PyInstaller可以用來(lái)打包python應(yīng)用程序,打包完的程序就可以在沒(méi)有安裝Python解釋器的機(jī)器上運(yùn)行了,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于使用Pyinstaller打包exe文件的詳細(xì)圖文教程,需要的朋友可以參考下

前言

在業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景中, 經(jīng)常需要Python開(kāi)發(fā)一些小程序/腳本/GUI界面,交付給一些小白或未安裝Python 的小伙伴們使用。
噔噔蹬蹬

pyinstaller 閃亮登場(chǎng)

場(chǎng)景說(shuō)明

  • 使用Pyinstaller將Python腳本或者項(xiàng)目打包,生成可執(zhí)行的.exe文件。
  • Pyinstaller是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的免費(fèi)打包工具,支持Windows,Linux和MacOS,完美支持32位和64位系統(tǒng)。
  • 除了Pyinstaller, 還可以使用py2exe進(jìn)行打包

pyinstaller安裝

pip install pyinstaller

打包參數(shù)

# 常用打包參數(shù)
# -F -D互斥參數(shù)
-F  打包成一個(gè)exe文件,小項(xiàng)目可以采用,打開(kāi)比較慢,多個(gè).py打包時(shí)不能使用
-D  默認(rèn)參數(shù),打包結(jié)果放入到創(chuàng)建的文件夾中,可以看到里面有很多的依賴(lài)文件

# -w -c互斥參數(shù)
-w  使用項(xiàng)目的GUI界面,無(wú)cmd控制臺(tái)
-c  默認(rèn)參數(shù),使用cmd控制臺(tái) 如果打包文件執(zhí)行報(bào)錯(cuò),可嘗試用-c 顯示控制臺(tái)

-n  執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目的名稱(chēng),默認(rèn).py的文件名
-i  將ico圖標(biāo)打包到exe文件中

--hidden-import 打包時(shí)導(dǎo)包信息
# 打包PyQt項(xiàng)目強(qiáng)烈建議 帶上以下參數(shù)
--hidden-import PyQt5.sip

# 打包命令示例
# 在項(xiàng)目的根目錄下執(zhí)行打包命令
pyinstaller -w xxx.py --hidden-import PyQt5.sip
 
# 打包結(jié)果輸出在項(xiàng)目根目錄下的 dist文件夾中
# 不建議使用 -F打包成一個(gè)exe文件 所謂:打包一時(shí)爽,打開(kāi)5秒鐘
# 非-F命令下, 靜態(tài)資源、建好的Sqlite數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可以直接放入dist中 生成的文件夾中
  • Pyinstaller只是將Python解釋器和腳本打包成一個(gè)可執(zhí)行文件, 不同于編譯成真正的機(jī)器碼。所以代碼的運(yùn)行效率是降低的,只是解決了小白用戶(hù)的操作難度。
  • 打包時(shí)會(huì)分析項(xiàng)目的依賴(lài),并將相關(guān)的依賴(lài)打包進(jìn)來(lái),并進(jìn)行加密處理
  • 不同的操作系統(tǒng), 需要在不同的操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行打包。

打包問(wèn)題解決方法匯總

debug

  • 控制臺(tái)debug
    在本地運(yùn)行成功, 建議在第一次打包exe時(shí)使用 -c命令,這樣可以在控制臺(tái)中顯示可能的報(bào)錯(cuò)信息。
    如果打包時(shí)沒(méi)有用-c不會(huì)出現(xiàn)控制臺(tái)或者控制臺(tái)一閃而過(guò),看不到報(bào)錯(cuò)信息, 可以在cmd命令行窗口執(zhí)行exe文件
  • fatal error faild to execute script file
    Pyinstaller打包時(shí)有些庫(kù)沒(méi)有打包進(jìn)去,可以將報(bào)錯(cuò)信息中的庫(kù)通過(guò) --hidden-import 報(bào)錯(cuò)的包 的進(jìn)行打包

pyinstaller 打包python3.6+PyQt5中各種錯(cuò)誤的解決方案

  • 依賴(lài)報(bào)錯(cuò)
  • 打包結(jié)果文件過(guò)大

幫助中的參數(shù)

>>> pyinstaller -h
usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME]
                   [--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>]
                   [--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR]
                   [--hidden-import MODULENAME]
                   [--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH]
                   [--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES]
                   [--key KEY] [-d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}] [-s]
                   [--noupx] [--upx-exclude FILE] [-c] [-w]
                   [-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>]
                   [--version-file FILE] [-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE]
                   [--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies]
                   [--win-no-prefer-redirects]
                   [--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER]
                   [--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--bootloader-ignore-signals]
                   [--distpath DIR] [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y]
                   [--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a] [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL]
                   scriptname [scriptname ...]

positional arguments:
  scriptname            name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one
                        .spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options
                        are unnecessary and are ignored.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -v, --version         Show program version info and exit.
  --distpath DIR        Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist)
  --workpath WORKPATH   Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz
                        and etc. (default: .\build)
  -y, --noconfirm       Replace output directory (default:
                        SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for
                        confirmation
  --upx-dir UPX_DIR     Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution
                        path)
  -a, --ascii           Do not include unicode encoding support (default:
                        included if available)
  --clean               Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files
                        before building.
  --log-level LEVEL     Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL
                        may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR,
                        CRITICAL (default: INFO).

What to generate:
  -D, --onedir          Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable
                        (default)
  -F, --onefile         Create a one-file bundled executable.
  --specpath DIR        Folder to store the generated spec file (default:
                        current directory)
  -n NAME, --name NAME  Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file
                        (default: first script's basename)

What to bundle, where to search:
  --add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
                        Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to
                        the executable. The path separator is platform
                        specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows
                        and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option
                        can be used multiple times.
  --add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
                        Additional binary files to be added to the executable.
                        See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This
                        option can be used multiple times.
  -p DIR, --paths DIR   A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).
                        Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use
                        this option multiple times
  --hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME
                        Name an import not visible in the code of the
                        script(s). This option can be used multiple times.
  --additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH
                        An additional path to search for hooks. This option
                        can be used multiple times.
  --runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS
                        Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is
                        code that is bundled with the executable and is
                        executed before any other code or module to set up
                        special features of the runtime environment. This
                        option can be used multiple times.
  --exclude-module EXCLUDES
                        Optional module or package (the Python name, not the
                        path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not
                        found). This option can be used multiple times.
  --key KEY             The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.

How to generate:
  -d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}, --debug {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}
                        Provide assistance with debugging a frozen
                        application. This argument may be provided multiple
                        times to select several of the following options.

                        - all: All three of the following options.

                        - imports: specify the -v option to the underlying
                          Python interpreter, causing it to print a message
                          each time a module is initialized, showing the
                          place (filename or built-in module) from which it
                          is loaded. See
                          https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4.

                        - bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress
                          messages while initializing and starting the
                          bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with
                          missing imports.

                        - noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python
                          source files as an archive inside the resulting
                          executable, store them as files in the resulting
                          output directory.

  -s, --strip           Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and
                        shared libs (not recommended for Windows)
  --noupx               Do not use UPX even if it is available (works
                        differently between Windows and *nix)
  --upx-exclude FILE    Prevent a binary from being compressed when using upx.
                        This is typically used if upx corrupts certain
                        binaries during compression. FILE is the filename of
                        the binary without path. This option can be used
                        multiple times.

Windows and Mac OS X specific options:
  -c, --console, --nowindowed
                        Open a console window for standard i/o (default). On
                        Windows this option will have no effect if the first
                        script is a '.pyw' file.
  -w, --windowed, --noconsole
                        Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window
                        for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers
                        building an OS X .app bundle. On Windows this option
                        will be set if the first script is a '.pyw' file. This
                        option is ignored in *NIX systems.
  -i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>
                        FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable.
                        FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe.
                        FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS
                        X

Windows specific options:
  --version-file FILE   add a version resource from FILE to the exe
  -m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML>
                        add manifest FILE or XML to the exe
  -r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE
                        Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The
                        RESOURCE is one to four items,
                        FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file
                        or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME
                        must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be
                        specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the
                        given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources
                        from FILE will be added/updated to the final
                        executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or
                        specified as wildcard *.This option can be used
                        multiple times.
  --uac-admin           Using this option creates a Manifest which will
                        request elevation upon application restart.
  --uac-uiaccess        Using this option allows an elevated application to
                        work with Remote Desktop.

Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):
  --win-private-assemblies
                        Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application
                        will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means
                        the exact versions of these assemblies will always be
                        used, and any newer versions installed on user
                        machines at the system level will be ignored.
  --win-no-prefer-redirects
                        While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to
                        bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer
                        not to follow policies that redirect to newer
                        versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of
                        the assembly.

Mac OS X specific options:
  --osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER
                        Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default
                        unique program name for code signing purposes. The
                        usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS
                        notation. For example:
                        com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first
                        script's basename)

Rarely used special options:
  --runtime-tmpdir PATH
                        Where to extract libraries and support files in
                        `onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the
                        bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location
                        defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder
                        will be created here. Please use this option only if
                        you know what you are doing.
  --bootloader-ignore-signals
                        Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than
                        forwarding them to the child process. Useful in
                        situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals
                        both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process
                        group) to avoid signalling the child twice.

總結(jié)

到此這篇關(guān)于使用Pyinstaller打包exe文件的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Pyinstaller打包exe文件內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!

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