keys_list?=?['A',?'B',?'C']
values_list?=?['blue',?'red',?'bold']

#There?are?3?ways?to?convert?these?two?lists?into?a?dictionary
#1-?Using?Python's?zip,?dict?functionz
dict_method_1?=?dict(zip(keys_list,?values_list))

#2-?Using?the?zip?function?with?dictionary?comprehensions
dict_method_2?=?{key:value?for?key,?value?in?zip(keys_list,?values_list)}

#3-?Using?the?zip?function?with?a?loop
items_tuples?=?zip(keys_list,?values_list)?
dict_method_3?=?{}?
for?key,?value?in?items_tuples:?
????if?key?in?dict_method_3:?
????????pass?#?To?avoid?repeating?keys.
????else:?
????????dict_method_3[key]?=?value

def?merge(*args,?missing_val?=?None):
#missing_val?will?be?used?when?one?of?the?smaller?lists?is?shorter?tham?the?others.
#Get?the?maximum?length?within?the?smaller?lists.
??max_length?=?max([len(lst)?for?lst?in?args])
??outList?=?[]
??for?i?in?range(max_length):
????result.append([args[k][i]?if?i?<?len(args[k])?else?missing_val?for?k?in?range(len(args))])
??return?outList

dicts_lists?=?[
??{
????"Name":?"James",
????"Age":?20,
??},
??{
?????"Name":?"May",
?????"Age":?14,
??},
??{
????"Name":?"Katy",
????"Age":?23,
??}
]

#There?are?different?ways?to?sort?that?list
#1-?Using?the?sort/?sorted?function?based?on?the?age
dicts_lists.sort(key=lambda?item:?item.get("Age"))

#2-?Using?itemgetter?module?based?on?name
from?operator?import?itemgetter
f?=?itemgetter('Name')
dicts_lists.sort(key=f)

my_list?=?["blue",?"red",?"green"]

#1-?Using?sort?or?srted?directly?or?with?specifc?keys
my_list.sort()?#sorts?alphabetically?or?in?an?ascending?order?for?numeric?data?
my_list?=?sorted(my_list,?key=len)?#sorts?the?list?based?on?the?length?of?the?strings?from?shortest?to?longest.?
#?You?can?use?reverse=True?to?flip?the?order

#2-?Using?locale?and?functools?
import?locale
from?functools?import?cmp_to_key
my_list?=?sorted(my_list,?key=cmp_to_key(locale.strcoll))?

a?=?['blue',?'green',?'orange',?'purple',?'yellow']
b?=?[3,?2,?5,?4,?1]
#Use?list?comprehensions?to?sort?these?lists
sortedList?=??[val?for?(_,?val)?in?sorted(zip(b,?a),?key=lambda?x:?\
??????????x[0])]

mylist?=?['blue',?'orange',?'green']
#Map?the?list?into?a?dict?using?the?map,?zip?and?dict?functions
mapped_dict?=?dict(zip(itr,?map(fn,?itr)))

from?collections?import?defaultdict
#merge?two?or?more?dicts?using?the?collections?module
def?merge_dicts(*dicts):
??mdict?=?defaultdict(list)
??for?dict?in?dicts:
????for?key?in?dict:
??????res[key].append(d[key])
??return?dict(mdict)

my_dict?=?{
??"brand":?"Ford",
??"model":?"Mustang",
??"year":?1964
}
#Invert?the?dictionary?based?on?its?content
#1-?If?we?know?all?values?are?unique.
my_inverted_dict?=?dict(map(reversed,?my_dict.items()))

#2-?If?non-unique?values?exist
from?collections?import?defaultdict
my_inverted_dict?=?defaultdict(list)
{my_inverted_dict[v].append(k)?for?k,?v?in?my_dict.items()}

#3-?If?any?of?the?values?are?not?hashable
my_dict?=?{value:?key?for?key?in?my_inverted_dict?for?value?in?my_inverted_dict[key]}

#Formatting?strings?with?f?string.
str_val?=?'books'
num_val?=?15
print(f'{num_val}?{str_val}')?#?15?books
print(f'{num_val?%?2?=?}')?#?1
print(f'{str_val!r}')?#?books

#Dealing?with?floats
price_val?=?5.18362
print(f'{price_val:.2f}')?#?5.18

#Formatting?dates
from?datetime?import?datetime;
date_val?=?datetime.utcnow()
print(f'{date_val=:%Y-%m-%d}')?#?date_val=2021-09-24

addresses?=?["123?Elm?Street",?"531?Oak?Street",?"678?Maple?Street"]
street?=?"Elm?Street"

#The?top?2?methods?to?check?if?street?in?any?of?the?items?in?the?addresses?list
#1-?Using?the?find?method
for?address?in?addresses:
????if?address.find(street)?>=?0:
????????print(address)

#2-?Using?the?"in"?keyword?
for?address?in?addresses:
????if?street?in?address:
????????print(address)

str1?=?"hello"
str2?=?"??"

def?str_size(s):
??return?len(s.encode('utf-8'))

str_size(str1)
str_size(str2)

#Checking?if?a?file?exists?in?two?ways
#1-?Using?the?OS?module
import?os?
exists?=?os.path.isfile('/path/to/file')

#2-?Use?the?pathlib?module?for?a?better?performance
from?pathlib?import?Path
config?=?Path('/path/to/file')?
if?config.is_file():?
????pass

import?csv
csv_mapping_list?=?[]
with?open("/path/to/data.csv")?as?my_data:
????csv_reader?=?csv.reader(my_data,?delimiter=",")
????line_count?=?0
????for?line?in?csv_reader:
????????if?line_count?==?0:
????????????header?=?line
????????else:
????????????row_dict?=?{key:?value?for?key,?value?in?zip(header,?line)}
????????????csv_mapping_list.append(row_dict)
????????line_count?+=?1