SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ實(shí)現(xiàn)交換機(jī)與隊(duì)列的綁定

更新時(shí)間：2022年05月28日 09:50:32 作者：IT利刃出鞘

這篇文章將通過幾個(gè)實(shí)例為大家介紹一些SpringBoot中RabbitMQ如何綁定交換機(jī)（交換器）與隊(duì)列，文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì)，感興趣的可以了解一下

簡介

本文用實(shí)例介紹SpringBoot中RabbitMQ如何綁定交換機(jī)（交換器）與隊(duì)列。

配置方法概述

交換機(jī)

下邊兩種方式等價(jià)。

ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME).durable(true).build();

new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, true, false)

隊(duì)列

下邊兩種方式等價(jià)

QueueBuilder.durable("Hi").build();

new Queue(QUEUE_HI, true)

綁定

下邊兩種方式等價(jià)

注意：第一種的參數(shù)并不是字符串。

BindingBuilder.bind(helloQueue).to(welcomExchange).with("hello.#")
new Binding("Queue@hello", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                "Exchange@topic.welcome", "hello.#", null)

法1：配置類(簡潔方法)(推薦）

package com.example.config;
 
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQRouterConfig {
    public static final String QUEUE_HELLO              = "Queue@hello";
    public static final String QUEUE_HI                 = "Queue@hi";
    public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME   = "Exchange@topic.welcome";
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS        = "hello.#";
 
    @Autowired
    private AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin;
 
    @Bean
    public Object initBindingTest() {
        amqpAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, true, false));
 
        amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue(QUEUE_HI, true));
        amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue(QUEUE_HELLO, true));
 
        amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, null));
 
        return new Object();
    }
}

amqpAdmin.declareBinding

需要一個(gè)Binding對象作為參數(shù)

exchange：交換器名稱
type：交換器類型。BuiltinExchangeType枚舉類，有以下4中類型交換器：DIRECT(“direct”), FANOUT(“fanout”), TOPIC(“topic”), HEADERS(“headers”)
durable：設(shè)置是否持久化。true：持久化，false：非持久化。持久化可以將交換器存盤，在服務(wù)器重啟時(shí)不會丟失相關(guān)消息。
autoDelete：設(shè)置是否自動刪除。true：自動刪除，false：不自動刪除。自動刪除的前提是至少有一個(gè)隊(duì)列或交換器與這個(gè)交換器綁定，之后所有與這個(gè)交換器綁定的隊(duì)列或交換器都與此交換器解綁。
internal：設(shè)置是否內(nèi)置的。true：內(nèi)置交換器，false：非內(nèi)置交換器。內(nèi)置交換器，客戶端無法直接發(fā)送消息到這個(gè)交換器中，只能通過交換器路由到交換器這種方式。
arguments：其他一些結(jié)構(gòu)化參數(shù)。如備份交換器：alternate-exchange、超時(shí)時(shí)間。示例配置超時(shí)時(shí)間方法：

Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap();
params.put("x-message-ttl", 2000);
amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, params));

法2：配置類(繁瑣方法)(不推薦)

不推薦的原因

適用于隊(duì)列和交換器不多時(shí)。

代碼示例

package com.lly.order.message;
 
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
    public final static String QUEUE_DIRECT     = "Queue@direct";
    public final static String QUEUE_TOPIC_ONE  = "Queue@topic_one";
    public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO  = "Queue@topic_two";
    public final static String QUEUE_FANOUT_ONE = "Queue@fanout_one";
    public final static String QUEUE_FANOUT_TWO = "Queue@fanout_two";
 
    public final static String EXCHANGE_TOPIC   = "Exchange@topic";
    public final static String EXCHANGE_FANOUT  = "Exchange@fanout";
 
    public final static String ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_ONE = "hello.key";
    public final static String ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_TWO = "*.key";
 
	//  direct模式隊(duì)列
    @Bean
    public Queue directQueue() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_DIRECT, true);
    }
	
	//  topic 訂閱者模式隊(duì)列
    @Bean
    public Queue topicQueueOne() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_TOPIC_ONE, true);
    }
    @Bean
    public Queue topicQueueTwo() {
        return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO, true);
    }
	
	//  fanout 廣播者模式隊(duì)列
    @Bean
    public Queue fanoutQueueOne() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_FANOUT_ONE, true);
    }
    @Bean
    public Queue fanoutQueueTwo() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_FANOUT_TWO, true);
    }
	
	//  topic 交換器
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange topExchange() {
        return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC);
    }
	
	//  fanout 交換器
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
        return new FanoutExchange(EXCHANGE_FANOUT);
    }
 
	//   訂閱者模式綁定
    @Bean
    public Binding topicExchangeBingingOne() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueOne()).to(topExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_ONE);
    }
 
    @Bean
    public Binding topicExchangeBingingTwo() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueTwo()).to(topicExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_TWO);
    }
	
	//   廣播模式綁定
    @Bean
    public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingOne() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueOne()).to(fanoutExchange());
    }
 
    @Bean
    public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingTwo() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueTwo()).to(fanoutExchange());
    }
}

法3：使用方配置(不推薦)

不推薦的原因

RabbitMQ的配置最好是統(tǒng)一在一個(gè)地方配置，分散配置不利于后期維護(hù)。

使用方法

@Component
public class Receiver {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "hello")
    public void process(String hello) {
        System.out.println ("Receiver : "  + hello);
    }
 
	@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
			exchange = @Exchange(value = "Exchange@topic.Hello",durable = "true",type = "topic"),
			value    = @Queue(value = "Queue@Hello",durable = "true"),
			key      = "key.#"
	))
	public void processMessage1(Message message) {
		System.out.println(message);
	}
}

法4：MQ服務(wù)端網(wǎng)頁(不推薦)

不推薦的原因

使用方法

添加交換器

http://localhost:15672/#/exchanges //例如：Exchange@topic.Hello

添加隊(duì)列

http://localhost:15672/#/queues //例如：Queue@Hello

交換器添加路由鍵

http://localhost:15672/#/exchanges=> 點(diǎn)擊交換器名字=> Binding=> 添加隊(duì)列與路由

到此這篇關(guān)于SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ實(shí)現(xiàn)交換機(jī)與隊(duì)列的綁定的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)SpringBoot RabbitMQ綁定交換機(jī) 隊(duì)列內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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