ELK收集Nginx日志的項(xiàng)目實(shí)戰(zhàn)

更新時(shí)間：2022年05月11日 10:55:30 作者：王清歡Randy

本文主要介紹了ELK收集Nginx日志的項(xiàng)目實(shí)戰(zhàn)，文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

01 安裝 Nginx 和 ab 工具

1.1 安裝 nginx

sudo apt-get install nginx -y # 安裝Nginx
sudo apt-get install apache2-utils -y  # Ubuntu安裝ab工具
sudo yum -y install httpd-tools 0y # CentOS安裝ab工具

在線安裝完成后，Nginx主要文件目錄構(gòu)成如下

/etc/nginx  # 配置文件
/etc/nginx/sites-available # 虛擬主機(jī)
/usr/sbin/nginx # 啟動(dòng)程序文件
/var/log/nginx # 日志目錄，包含access.log和error.log

1.2 啟動(dòng) Nginx 并測(cè)試

啟動(dòng)Nginx，并使用netstat命令查看端口

systemctl start nginx # 啟動(dòng)nginx
netstat -lntup|grep nginx # 查看nginx是否啟動(dòng)成功

使用壓力測(cè)試工具測(cè)試Nginx，其中-c選項(xiàng)表示并發(fā)請(qǐng)求結(jié)果數(shù)，-n選項(xiàng)表示請(qǐng)求次數(shù)。下面命令表示進(jìn)行100次請(qǐng)求，10個(gè)并發(fā)請(qǐng)求壓力測(cè)試結(jié)果。另外，ab壓測(cè)工具的一個(gè)缺陷是需要在壓測(cè)URL后加上/符號(hào)。

ab -c 10 -n 100 172.16.255.131/
ab -c 10 -n 100 172.16.255.131/test.html/

壓力測(cè)試完成之后，查看Nginx日志可以得到如下結(jié)果

root@master:/etc/nginx# tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log 
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"

02 使用 Filebeat 采集日志并展示

2.1 配置 filebeat 采集 Nginx 日志

在/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml配置文件中對(duì)filebeat進(jìn)行配置，將nginx的日志路徑/var/log/nginx/access.log添加到filebeat的輸入配置中

vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml # 打開(kāi)filebeat配置文件
# 采集日志數(shù)據(jù)配置
filebeat.inputs: 
- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/access.log

2.2 使用 Kibana 展示 Nginx 日志數(shù)據(jù)

采集日志數(shù)據(jù)

配置好filebeat采集Nginx日志數(shù)據(jù)之后，在ES-head中可以看到如下日志內(nèi)容

在這里插入圖片描述

創(chuàng)建日志數(shù)據(jù)索引

然后在服務(wù)器啟動(dòng)kibana并使用瀏覽器訪問(wèn)http://115.156.128.172:5601/進(jìn)入kibana。在該頁(yè)面中選擇添加數(shù)據(jù)Add your data

在這里插入圖片描述

然后，選擇創(chuàng)建索引create index pattern

在這里插入圖片描述

在提示欄中，選擇對(duì)應(yīng)filebeat采集的日志數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)建索引，并選擇時(shí)間戳@timestamp

在這里插入圖片描述

查看日志數(shù)據(jù)

完成索引創(chuàng)建之后，使用Discovery查看日志數(shù)據(jù)

在這里插入圖片描述

在日志數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)設(shè)置日志范圍和日志字段查看指定日志內(nèi)容，也可以通過(guò)全文搜索和添加過(guò)濾器的功能查看指定數(shù)據(jù)

在這里插入圖片描述

03 采集 JSON 格式的 Nginx 日志

默認(rèn)情況下Nginx的日志數(shù)據(jù)是一條文本條目，日志條目中的字段無(wú)法拆分顯示。采用怎樣的方式可以將這種非結(jié)構(gòu)化的日志內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化成格式化的內(nèi)容呢？

# 將如下日志條目
message:172.16.255.131 - - [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
# 轉(zhuǎn)換成JSON半結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)如下
{   "IP Address": 172.16.255.131,
    "Time": [28/Jul/2021:07:19:53 +0000],
    "HTTP Request": GET / HTTP/1.0 200 612,
    "Agent": ApacheBench/2.3 }

3.1 修改 Nginx 日志為 Json 格式

一種方法是直接將Nginx產(chǎn)生的日志采用Json格式保存，編輯Nginx的配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，添加日志保存樣式

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # 找到http中的logging settings
# 添加如下內(nèi)容
log_format log_json '{ "@time_local": "$time_local", '
                                    '"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", '
                                    '"referer": "$http_referer", '
                                    '"request": "$request", '
                                    '"status": $status, '
                                    '"bytes": $body_bytes_sent, '
                                    '"agent": "$http_user_agent", '
                                    '"x_forwarded": "$http_x_forwarded_for", '
                                    '"up_addr": "$upstream_addr",'
                                    '"up_host": "$upstream_http_host",'
                                    '"up_resp_time": "$upstream_response_time",'
                                    '"request_time": "$request_time"'
' }';

在這里插入圖片描述

測(cè)試nginx配置文件修改是否有效，得到如下輸出說(shuō)明成功

root@master:/home/wang# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

清空Nginx原有的日志數(shù)據(jù)，重新啟動(dòng)Nginx并使用ab工具重新對(duì)其進(jìn)行壓測(cè)，產(chǎn)生新的日志數(shù)據(jù)

> /var/log/nginx/access.log # 清空Nginx原有的日志數(shù)據(jù)
systemctl restart nginx # 重新啟動(dòng)Nginx
ab -c 10 -n 100 172.16.255.131/ # 使用ab工具重新進(jìn)行壓測(cè)

查看Nginx日志，可以看到Nginx日志已經(jīng)被重新以Json格式存儲(chǔ)

root@master:/home/wang# tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
{ "@timestamp": "30/Jul/2021:03:17:09 +0000", "remote_addr": "172.16.255.131", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.0", "status": 200, "bytes": 612, "agent": "ApacheBench/2.3", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }

3.2 Filebeat 重新采集 Nginx 日志

配置Filebeat識(shí)別Json格式日志

修改Nginx保存日志格式為Json之后，還需要對(duì)采集日志的Filebeat進(jìn)行重新配置，如果不對(duì)其進(jìn)行配置識(shí)別Json格式日志，被采集的日志仍然會(huì)以文本條目的形式被采集。

# 打開(kāi)filebeat配置文件
vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
# 添加配置內(nèi)容，配置內(nèi)容可以參考官方手冊(cè)
- type: log
      # Change to true to enable this input configuration.
      enabled: true
      # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
      paths:
          - /var/log/nginx/access.log
      # 添加如下三行配置內(nèi)容，識(shí)別Json格式日志文件，將日志條目以Json格式解析
      json.keys_under_root: true
      json.overwrite_keys: true
      tags: ["access"]

清空Nginx日志，并重新啟動(dòng)filebeat；filebeat監(jiān)控Nginx日志后，采用ab壓測(cè)工具生成日志并采集。

> /var/log/nginx/access.log
systemctl restart filebeat
ab -c 10 -n 100 172.16.255.131/

采用ES-head查看采集的日志數(shù)據(jù)可以看到日志數(shù)據(jù)以Json格式保存在ES中

在這里插入圖片描述

使用Kibana查看Json格式的日志條目

創(chuàng)建新的Kibana索引后，使用Discovery查看日志數(shù)據(jù)，并可以通過(guò)日志條目級(jí)的字段到達(dá)更有效的日志分析目的

在這里插入圖片描述

3.3 自定義存儲(chǔ) Filebeat 采集日志的 ES 索引

之前使用Filebeat采集Nginx日志都是采用默認(rèn)的索引創(chuàng)建方式形如filebeat-7.13.2-2021.07.30-000001，為了更好的識(shí)別索引和擴(kuò)大日志采集的時(shí)間跨度，需要自定義存儲(chǔ)索引名稱。

自定義存儲(chǔ)索引通過(guò)配置Filebeat實(shí)現(xiàn)，在Filebeat的配置文件中對(duì)輸出進(jìn)行配置如下：

# 打開(kāi)filebeat配置文件
vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
# 添加配置內(nèi)容，配置內(nèi)容可以參考官方手冊(cè)
# ---------------------------- Elasticsearch template setting ----------------------
setup.template.settings:
  index.number_of_shards: 1
  #index.codec: best_compression
  #_source.enabled: false
setup.template.name: "nginx" # 名字和index中的名字一致
setup.template.pattern: "nginx-*"
setup.template.enabled: false
setup.template.overwrite: true
setup.ilm.enabled: false
# ---------------------------- Elasticsearch Output ----------------------------
output.elasticsearch:
  # Array of hosts to connect to.
  hosts: ["172.16.255.131:9200"]
  # 添加如下五行內(nèi)容
  # add index settings by wanghaihua at 2021.07.30 
  index: "nginx-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM}"  # 限定日期形式{+yyyy.MM}

采用這種配置可以自定義索引樣式，并自定義Kibana中搜索的字段，刪除冗余的解析字段

在這里插入圖片描述

04 使用 Filebeat 多節(jié)點(diǎn)采集 Nginx 日志數(shù)據(jù)

4.1 在其他節(jié)點(diǎn)上安裝 Filebeat 和 Nginx

從已經(jīng)安裝好的節(jié)點(diǎn)上將filebeat安裝包拷貝到其他節(jié)點(diǎn)上

# 拷貝安裝包
scp filebeat-7.13.2-amd64.deb wang@172.16.255.132:/opt/es/
scp filebeat-7.13.2-amd64.deb wang@172.16.255.139:/opt/es/
# 在其他節(jié)點(diǎn)上安裝filebeat
cd /opt/es/
sudo dpkg -i filebeat-7.13.2-amd64.deb # 安裝deb包
# 安裝Nginx
sudo apt-get install nginx -y

4.2 在其他節(jié)點(diǎn)上配置 Filebeat 和 Nginx

從已經(jīng)安裝好的節(jié)點(diǎn)上將filebeat的配置文件拷貝到其他節(jié)點(diǎn)上

# 拷貝filebeat配置文件到一個(gè)暫存目錄（直接拷貝到etc目錄下可能存在權(quán)限問(wèn)題）
scp /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml wang@172.16.255.132:/opt/es/
scp /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml wang@172.16.255.139:/opt/es/
scp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf wang@172.16.255.132:/opt/es/
scp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf wang@172.16.255.139:/opt/es/
# 在對(duì)應(yīng)節(jié)點(diǎn)上將配置文件移動(dòng)到對(duì)應(yīng)目錄覆蓋原始配置文件
mv /opt/es/filebeat.yml /etc/filebeat/
mv /opt/es/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/
# 修改用戶權(quán)限
chown -R root:root /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
chown -R root:root /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml

4.3 在其他節(jié)點(diǎn)上啟動(dòng) Filebeat 和 Nginx

啟動(dòng)Filebeat和Nginx并使用master節(jié)點(diǎn)的ab工具進(jìn)行壓測(cè)產(chǎn)生日志數(shù)據(jù)

# 啟動(dòng)Filebeat和Nginx
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start filebeat
# 使用master節(jié)點(diǎn)的ab工具進(jìn)行壓測(cè)產(chǎn)生日志數(shù)據(jù)
ab -n 100 -c 20 http://172.16.255.132/node1.html
ab -n 100 -c 20 http://172.16.255.139/node2.html
# 查看產(chǎn)生的日志數(shù)據(jù)是否為Json格式
tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log

Filebeat的配置文件將日志數(shù)據(jù)采集并存儲(chǔ)在ES中，多個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的日志數(shù)據(jù)被聚合在一個(gè)ES索引中保存。

05 收集 Nginx 錯(cuò)誤日志

收集錯(cuò)誤日志的需求：要能夠區(qū)分錯(cuò)誤日志和正常日志，要能夠是使用單獨(dú)索引存儲(chǔ)錯(cuò)誤日志

5.1 配置 Filebeat 采集 Nginx 錯(cuò)誤日志

在filebeat配置文件etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml的inputs選項(xiàng)中添加如下內(nèi)容

- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/error.log
  tags: ["error"]

5.2 配置 Filebeat 采集日志時(shí)拆分錯(cuò)誤日志和正常日志

在filebeat配置文件etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml的輸入中加入tags標(biāo)識(shí)采集的不同類型日志數(shù)據(jù)，然后在索引設(shè)置中配置如下對(duì)日志進(jìn)行拆分

# 在`output`中配置通過(guò)tags區(qū)分日志
output.elasticsearch:
  hosts: ["172.16.255.131:9200"]
  indices:
      - index: "nginx-access-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM}"
        when.contains:
            tags: "access"
      - index: "nginx-error-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM}"
        when.contains:
            tags: "error"

讓其他節(jié)點(diǎn)上采集Nginx日志的Filebeat的配置文件于上述配置一致，直接將該filebeat的配置文件拷貝到其他節(jié)點(diǎn)上覆蓋

# 拷貝filebeat配置文件到一個(gè)暫存目錄（直接拷貝到etc目錄下可能存在權(quán)限問(wèn)題）
scp /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml wang@172.16.255.132:/opt/es/
scp /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml wang@172.16.255.139:/opt/es/
# 在對(duì)應(yīng)節(jié)點(diǎn)上將配置文件移動(dòng)到對(duì)應(yīng)目錄覆蓋原始配置文件
mv /opt/es/filebeat.yml /etc/filebeat/
# 修改用戶權(quán)限
chown -R root:root /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml

06 Filebeat 采集 Nginx 日志的最終配置文件

# ============================== Filebeat inputs ===============================
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/access.log
  json.keys_under_root: true
  json.overwrite_keys: true
  tags: ["access"]

- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/error.log
  tags: ["error"]
# ======================= Elasticsearch template setting =======================
setup.template.settings:
  index.number_of_shards: 1
setup.template.name: "nginx"
setup.template.pattern: "nginx-*"
setup.template.enabled: false
setup.template.overwrite: true
setup.ilm.enabled: false
# ================================== Outputs ===========================
# ---------------------------- Elasticsearch Output ----------------------------
output.elasticsearch:
  hosts: ["172.16.255.131:9200"]
  indices:
      - index: "nginx-access-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM}"
        when.contains:
            tags: "access"
      - index: "nginx-error-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM}"
        when.contains:
            tags: "error"
# ================================== Logging ===================================
logging.level: info
logging.to_files: true
logging.files:
    path: /var/log/filebeat
    name: filebeat
    keepfiles: 7
    permissions: 0644

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