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Python+PyQt5實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫表格動態(tài)增刪改

更新時間：2022年03月01日 14:28:09 作者：Andy-wen

這篇文章主要為大家介紹如何利用Python中的PyQt5模塊實現(xiàn)對數(shù)據(jù)庫表格的動態(tài)增刪改，文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì)，感興趣的小伙伴可以了解一下

題目描述

本次實驗為連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的實驗，并對數(shù)據(jù)庫進行一些簡單的操作，要實現(xiàn)的基本功能如下所示，要能連接并展現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫里的數(shù)據(jù)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)插入功能。

拓展;

實現(xiàn)按學(xué)號查找學(xué)生信息功能
實現(xiàn)清空數(shù)據(jù)功能
實現(xiàn)保存數(shù)據(jù)功能
實現(xiàn)右鍵菜單功能

解題思路/算法分析/問題及解決

本次實驗可主要分為兩個部分，即數(shù)據(jù)庫連接操作部分和數(shù)據(jù)可視化操作界面部分。

數(shù)據(jù)庫連接部分采用python的pymysql庫對數(shù)據(jù)庫進行連接操作。

數(shù)據(jù)可視化部分采用tableWidget控件進行表格化的呈現(xiàn)，并通過相應(yīng)的控件交互來實現(xiàn)功能。TableWidget的主要方法如下表所示：

實驗代碼

數(shù)據(jù)庫連接

def db_connect(self):
        self.db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
                             user='root',
                             password='Zwq197166',
                             port=3306,
                             database='test')

可視化界面操作部分

def inser_row(self, row, sid, name, sex, address):
        sid_item = QTableWidgetItem(sid)
        name_item = QTableWidgetItem(name)
        sex_item = QTableWidgetItem(sex)
        address_item = QTableWidgetItem(address)
        self.tableWidget.insertRow(row)
        self.tableWidget.setItem(row, 0, sid_item)
        self.tableWidget.setItem(row, 1, name_item)
        self.tableWidget.setItem(row, 2, sex_item)
        self.tableWidget.setItem(row, 3, address_item)

    @pyqtSlot()
    def on_button_load_clicked(self):
        if self.button_save.isEnabled():
            r = QMessageBox.warning(self, "警告", "是否覆蓋當(dāng)前表格數(shù)據(jù)", QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
            if r == QMessageBox.No:
                return
        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(0)
        self.tableWidget.clearContents()
        self.db_connect()
        cursor = self.db.cursor()
        sql = "select * from my_student;"
        try:
            cursor.execute(sql)
            results = cursor.fetchall()
            for (sid, name, sex,address) in results:
                print(sid, name, sex, address)
                row = self.tableWidget.rowCount()
                # print(row)
                self.inser_row(row, sid, name, sex, address)
                data[sid] = [name, sex, address]
        except:
            print("unable to fetch data")

        self.db.close()
        self.button_save.setEnabled(True)
        print("load")

    @pyqtSlot()
    def on_button_add_clicked(self):
        di = inputDialog()
        ok = di.exec_()
        if not ok:
            return
        name = di.line_name.text()
        sid = di.line_id.text()
        sex = di.line_sex.text()
        address = di.line_address.text()
        print(name,sid)
        print(type(address))
        data[sid] = [name, sex, address]
        self.inser_row(self.tableWidget.rowCount(), sid, name, sex, address)
        print(data)
        print("add")
        # self.tableWidget.insertRow(self.tableWidget.rowCount()-1)
        self.button_save.setEnabled(True)


    @pyqtSlot()
    def on_button_save_clicked(self):
        print(data)
        self.db_connect()
        cursor = self.db.cursor()
        try:
            sql = "delete from my_student;"
            cursor.execute(sql)
            # self.db.commit()
            for key, value in data.items():
                sql = "insert into my_student(sid,name,sex,address) values('{sid}','{name}','{sex}','{address}');".format(sid=key, name=value[0], sex=value[1], address=value[2])
                print(sql)
                cursor.execute(sql)
            self.db.commit()
            self.db.close()
            print("save")
            self.button_save.setEnabled(False)
        except:
            QMessageBox.critical(self, "錯誤", "數(shù)據(jù)格式有誤，請檢查")


    @pyqtSlot()
    def on_button_clear_clicked(self):
        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(0)
        self.tableWidget.clearContents()
        data.clear()
        self.line_id.clear()
        self.button_save.setEnabled(True)

    @pyqtSlot()
    def on_button_search_clicked(self):
        sid = self.line_id.text()
        if not sid:
            QMessageBox.critical(self, "警告", "請輸入一個學(xué)號！")
            return
        print(sid)
        if sid in data:
            search = INFO(sid)
            search.exec_()
            # print("search")
        else:
            QMessageBox.critical(self, "錯誤", "該學(xué)號不存在！")


    @pyqtSlot(QTableWidgetItem)
    def on_tableWidget_itemActivated(self, item):
        """
        按住Enter鍵時，當(dāng)前選中的單元格向下
        """
        row = self.tableWidget.row(item)
        column = self.tableWidget.column(item)
        totalrow = self.tableWidget.rowCount()

        if row + 1 < totalrow:
            row = self.tableWidget.row(item) + 1
            self.tableWidget.setCurrentCell(row, column)
        elif row + 2 == totalrow:
            row = totalrow - 1
            self.tableWidget.setCurrentCell(row, column)

    @pyqtSlot(int, int)
    def on_tableWidget_cellDoubleClicked(self, row, column):
        id = self.tableWidget.item(row, 0).text()
        di = inputDialog(sid=id)
        ok = di.exec_()
        if not ok:
            return
        name = di.line_name.text()
        sid = di.line_id.text()
        sex = di.line_sex.text()
        address = di.line_address.text()
        print("before:", id)
        print("after:", sid)
        self.tableWidget.item(row, 0).setText(sid)
        self.tableWidget.item(row, 1).setText(name)
        self.tableWidget.item(row, 2).setText(sex)
        self.tableWidget.item(row, 3).setText(address)
        data[sid] = [name, sex, address]
        if id != sid:
            del data[id]
        self.button_save.setEnabled(True)


    def closeEvent(self, event):
        if self.button_save.isEnabled():
            r = QMessageBox.warning(self, "警告", "你還有操作沒保存，現(xiàn)在保存下？", QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
            if r == QMessageBox.No:
                event.accept()
            else:
                event.ignore()

    def context_menu(self,pos):
        pop_menu = QMenu()
        change_new_event = pop_menu.addAction("修改行")
        delete_event = pop_menu.addAction("刪除行")
        action = pop_menu.exec_(self.tableWidget.mapToGlobal(pos))

        if action == change_new_event:
            item = self.tableWidget.selectedItems()
            row = item[0].row()
            id = self.tableWidget.item(row, 0).text()
            di = inputDialog(sid=id)
            ok = di.exec_()
            if not ok:
                return
            name = di.line_name.text()
            sid = di.line_id.text()
            sex = di.line_sex.text()
            address = di.line_address.text()
            print("before:",id)
            print("after:",sid)
            self.tableWidget.item(row, 0).setText(sid)
            self.tableWidget.item(row, 1).setText(name)
            self.tableWidget.item(row, 2).setText(sex)
            self.tableWidget.item(row, 3).setText(address)
            data[sid] = [name, sex, address]
            if id != sid:
                del data[id]
            self.button_save.setEnabled(True)
        elif action == delete_event:
            r = QMessageBox.warning(self, "注意", "刪除可不能恢復(fù)了哦！", QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.No)
            if r == QMessageBox.No:
                return
            items = self.tableWidget.selectedItems()
            if items:
                selected_rows = []
                for i in items:
                    row = i.row()
                    if row not in selected_rows:
                        selected_rows.append(row)
                selected_rows = sorted(selected_rows, reverse=True)
                for r in selected_rows:
                    sid = self.tableWidget.item(r, 0).text()
                    del data[sid]
                    self.tableWidget.removeRow(r)
            self.button_save.setEnabled(True)

class inputDialog(QDialog, Ui_Dialog_input):
    def __init__(self, sid=None):
        super(inputDialog, self).__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.sid = sid
        self.buttonBox.accepted.connect(self.check)

        if sid:
            self.line_id.setText(sid)
            self.line_name.setText(data[sid][0])
            self.line_sex.setText(data[sid][1])
            self.line_address.setText(data[sid][2])


    def check(self):
        sid = self.line_id.text()
        name = self.line_name.text()
        if sid in data and self.sid not in data:
            r = QMessageBox.warning(self, "警告", "該學(xué)號已存在!", QMessageBox.Ok)
            return

        if not sid:
            r = QMessageBox.warning(self, "警告", "學(xué)號為必填項!", QMessageBox.Ok)
            return

        if not name:
            r = QMessageBox.warning(self, "警告", "姓名為必填項!", QMessageBox.Ok)
            return

        self.accept()
        # print('miss')


class INFO(QDialog, Ui_Dialog_info):
    def __init__(self, id: str):
        super(INFO, self).__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.line_id.setText(id)
        self.line_name.setText(data[id][0])
        self.line_sex.setText(data[id][1])
        self.line_address.setText(data[id][2])

    @pyqtSlot()
    def on_button_confirm_clicked(self):
        # print(1)
        self.close()