things=["a","b","c","d"]   
print(things[1])   #只能用數(shù)字索引列表中的元素

things[1]="z"   #列表的替換
print(things[1])

things.remove("d")   #列表中刪除元素

things

stuff={"name":"zed","age":39,"height":6*12+2}
print(stuff["name"])   #字典可用鍵索引值,鍵可以是字符串、也可以是數(shù)字
print(stuff["age"])
print(stuff["height"])

stuff["city"]="xiamen"  #字典中增加元素
stuff[1]="reading"      #鍵為數(shù)字
print(stuff["city"])
print(stuff[1])  

del stuff[1]  #字典中刪除元素
del stuff["city"]
stuff

zed
39
74
xiamen
reading

{'name': 'zed', 'age': 39, 'height': 74}

# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)州名和州的縮寫的映射
states={
    "oregon":"or",
    "florida":"fl",
    "california":"ca",
    "newyork":"ny",
    "michigan":"mi"
}

# 創(chuàng)建州的縮寫和對(duì)應(yīng)州的城市的映射
cities={
    "ca":"san francisco",
    "mi":"detroit",
    "fl":"jacksonville"
}

#添加城市
cities["ny"]="new york"
cities["or"]="portland"

# 輸出州的縮寫
print("-"*10)
print("michigan's abbreviation is:",states["michigan"])  #個(gè)別州的縮寫
print("florida's abbreviation is:",states["florida"])

print("-"*10)
for state,abbrev in list(states.items()):  #所有州的縮寫，語(yǔ)法解釋見(jiàn)下方注釋1
    print(f"{state} is abbreviated {abbrev}.")

# 輸出州對(duì)應(yīng)的城市
print("-"*10)
print("florida has:",cities[states["florida"]])  #個(gè)別州對(duì)應(yīng)的城市

print("-"*10)
for abbrev,city in list(cities.items()): # 所有州的縮寫
    print(f"{abbrev} has city {city}.")

#同時(shí)輸出州的縮寫和州對(duì)應(yīng)的城市
print("-"*10)
for state,abbrev in list(states.items()):
    print(f"{state} state is abbreviated {abbrev}, and has city {cities[abbrev]}.")
    
print("-"*10)
def abbrev(state):   #注釋4，定義函數(shù)，輸入州名，輸出州名的簡(jiǎn)寫
    abbrev=states.get(state)
    if not abbrev:   #注釋3
        print(f"sorry,it's {abbrev}.")
    else:
        print(f"{state} state is abbreviated {abbrev}.")

abbrev("florida")
abbrev("texas")

print("-"*10,"method 1")
city=cities.get("TX","Doesn't exist")
print(f"the city for the state 'TX' is:{city}.")  #注意'TX'需用單引號(hào)

print("-"*10,"method 2")  #定義函數(shù)，輸入州名，輸出州所在的城市
def city(state):
    city=cities.get(states.get(state))
    if not city:
        print(f"sorry,doesn't exist.")
    else:
        print(f"the city for the state {state} is:{city}.")
        
city("texas")
city("florida")

----------
michigan's abbreviation is: mi
florida's abbreviation is: fl
----------
oregon is abbreviated or.
florida is abbreviated fl.
california is abbreviated ca.
newyork is abbreviated ny.
michigan is abbreviated mi.
----------
florida has: jacksonville
----------
ca has city san francisco.
mi has city detroit.
fl has city jacksonville.
ny has city new york.
or has city portland.
----------
oregon state is abbreviated or, and has city portland.
florida state is abbreviated fl, and has city jacksonville.
california state is abbreviated ca, and has city san francisco.
newyork state is abbreviated ny, and has city new york.
michigan state is abbreviated mi, and has city detroit.
----------
florida state is abbreviated fl.
sorry,it's None.
---------- method 1
the city for the state 'TX' is:Doesn't exist.
---------- method 2
sorry,doesn't exist.
the city for the state florida is:jacksonville.

sx={
    "廣東":"粵",
    "福建":"閩",
    "江西":"贛",
    "安徽":"皖"
}

sx["云南"]="滇"
sx["貴州"]="黔"

#定義函數(shù)，輸入省份，輸出省份縮寫

def suoxie(province):
    suoxie=sx.get(province)
    if not suoxie:
        print(f"對(duì)不起，我還沒(méi)在系統(tǒng)輸入{province}省的縮寫。")
    else:
        print(f"{province}省的縮寫是：{suoxie}")

suoxie("廣東")
suoxie("黑龍江")

廣東省的縮寫是：粵
對(duì)不起，我還沒(méi)在系統(tǒng)輸入黑龍江省的縮寫。

tuple=('runoob',786,2.23,'john',70.2)
tinytuple=(123,'john')

print(tuple[1:3])  #和list類似
print(tuple*2)
print(tuple+tinytuple)

(786, 2.23)
('runoob', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2, 'runoob', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2)
('runoob', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2, 123, 'john')

tuple=('runoob',786,2.23,'john',70.2)
tuple[2]=1000
print(tuple)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-7-ae7d4b682735> in <module>
      1 tuple=('runoob',786,2.23,'john',70.2)
----> 2 tuple[2]=1000
      3 print(tuple)


TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

True and True  #與運(yùn)算

1==1 and 1==2

1==1 or 2!=1  # 或運(yùn)算，!=表示不等于

not (True and False)   # 非運(yùn)算

not (1==1 and 0!=1)

from sys import argv  #引入sys的部分模塊argv（參數(shù)變量）

filename = "C:\\Users\\janline\\Desktop\\test\\euler笨辦法學(xué)python"   #給自己新建的文件命名，注意文件地址要補(bǔ)雙杠

print(f"we're going to erase {filename}.")  #格式化變量filename，并打印出來(lái)
print("if you don't want that, hit ctrl-c(^c).")
print("if you do want, hit return. ")

input("?")  # 輸出"?"，并出現(xiàn)輸入框

print("opening the file...")
target=open(filename,'w')   # w表示以寫的模式打開(kāi)，r表示以讀的模式打開(kāi)，a表示增補(bǔ)模式，w+表示以讀和寫的方式打開(kāi)，open（filename）默認(rèn)只讀

print("truncating the file. Goodbye!")
target.truncate()   #在變量target后面調(diào)用truncate函數(shù)(清空文件)

print("now I'm going to ask you for three lines.")

line1=input("line 1: ")   #輸出"line1:",接收輸入內(nèi)容并存入變量line1中
line2=input("line 2: ")
line3=input("line 3: ") 

print("I'm going to write these to the file.")

target.write(line1)   ##在變量target后面調(diào)用write函數(shù),寫入變量line1中的內(nèi)容，注意寫入的內(nèi)容需是英文
target.write("\n")  #  \n換行
target.write(line2)
target.write("\n")
target.write(line3)
target.write("\n")

print("and finally, we close it.")
target.close()   #在變量target后面調(diào)用close函數(shù)，關(guān)閉文件

we're going to erase C:\Users\janline\Desktop\test\euler笨辦法學(xué)python.
if you don't want that, hit ctrl-c(^c).
if you do want, hit return. 
?return
opening the file...
truncating the file. Goodbye!
now I'm going to ask you for three lines.
line 1: address name should be double slacked
line 2: see clearly for what problem happened
line 3: look for answers by searching
I'm going to write these to the file.
and finally, we close it.

filename="C:\\Users\\janline\\Desktop\\test\\笨辦法學(xué)python\\test.txt"

txt=open(filename,'w+')

print("Let's read the file")
print("Let's write the file")

line1=input("line1: ")
line2=input("line2: ")

print("Let's write these in the file")
print("\n") 

txt.write(line1)
txt.write("\n")
txt.write(line2)
txt.write("\n")

print(txt.read())

txt.close()

Let's read the file
Let's write the file
line1: read and write file are complicated
line2: come on, it's been finished!
Let's write these in the file

from sys import argv  #引入sys的部分模塊argv（參數(shù)變量）

filename = "C:\\Users\\janline\\Desktop\\test\\euler笨辦法學(xué)python"   #給自己新建的文件命名，注意文件地址要補(bǔ)雙杠

print(f"we're going to erase {filename}.")  #格式化變量filename，并打印出來(lái)
print("if you don't want that, hit ctrl-c(^c).")
print("if you do want, hit return. ")

input("?")  # 輸出"?"，并出現(xiàn)輸入框

print("opening the file...")
target=open(filename,'w')   # w表示以寫的模式打開(kāi)，r表示以讀的模式打開(kāi)，a表示增補(bǔ)模式，w+表示以讀和寫的方式打開(kāi)，open（filename）默認(rèn)只讀

print("truncating the file. Goodbye!")
target.truncate()   #在變量target后面調(diào)用truncate函數(shù)(清空文件)

print("now I'm going to ask you for three lines.")

line1=input("line 1: ")   #輸出"line1:",接收輸入內(nèi)容并存入變量line1中
line2=input("line 2: ")
line3=input("line 3: ") 

print("I'm going to write these to the file.")

target.write(line1+"\n"+line2+"\n"+line3+"\n")   #見(jiàn)注釋

print("and finally, we close it.")
target.close()   #在變量target后面調(diào)用close函數(shù)，關(guān)閉文件

we're going to erase C:\Users\janline\Desktop\test\euler笨辦法學(xué)python.
if you don't want that, hit ctrl-c(^c).
if you do want, hit return. 
?return
opening the file...
truncating the file. Goodbye!
now I'm going to ask you for three lines.
line 1: 1
line 2: 2
line 3: 3
I'm going to write these to the file.
and finally, we close it.