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詳解如何用Python寫個(gè)聽小說的爬蟲

更新時(shí)間：2022年02月19日 16:17:14 作者：派森醬

在路上經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)好多人都喜歡用耳機(jī)聽小說，同事居然可以一整天的帶著一只耳機(jī)聽小說。本文就用Python爬蟲實(shí)現(xiàn)下載聽小說tingchina.com的音頻，需要的可以參考一下

書名和章節(jié)列表

隨機(jī)點(diǎn)開一本書，這個(gè)頁面可以使用 BeautifulSoup 獲取書名和所有單個(gè)章節(jié)音頻的列表。復(fù)制瀏覽器的地址，如：https://www.tingchina.com/yousheng/disp_31086.htm。

from?bs4?import?BeautifulSoup
import?requests
import?re
import?random
import?os

headers?=?{
????'user-agent':?'Mozilla/5.0?(Windows?NT?10.0;?Win64;?x64)?AppleWebKit/537.36?(KHTML,?like?Gecko)?Chrome/91.0.4472.114?Safari/537.36'
}

def?get_detail_urls(url):
????url_list?=?[]
????response?=?requests.get(url,?headers=headers)
????response.encoding?=?'gbk'
????soup?=?BeautifulSoup(response.text,?'lxml')
????name?=?soup.select('.red12')[0].strong.text
????if?not?os.path.exists(name):
????????os.makedirs(name)
????div_list?=?soup.select('div.list?a')
????for?item?in?div_list:
????????url_list.append({'name':?item.string,?'url':?'https://www.tingchina.com/yousheng/{}'.format(item['href'])})
????return?name,?url_list

音頻地址

打開單個(gè)章節(jié)的鏈接，在 Elements 面板用章節(jié)名稱作為搜索詞，在底部發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè) script，這一部分就是聲源的地址。

在 Network 面板可以看到，聲源的 url 域名和章節(jié)列表的域名是不一樣的。在獲取下載鏈接的時(shí)候需要注意這一點(diǎn)。

def?get_mp3_path(url):
????response?=?requests.get(url,?headers=headers)
????response.encoding?=?'gbk'
????soup?=?BeautifulSoup(response.text,?'lxml')
????script_text?=?soup.select('script')[-1].string
????fileUrl_search?=?re.search('fileUrl=?"(.*?)";',?script_text,?re.S)
????if?fileUrl_search:
????????return?'https://t3344.tingchina.com'?+?fileUrl_search.group(1)

下載

驚喜總是突如其來，把這個(gè) https://t3344.tingchina.com/xxxx.mp3 放入瀏覽器中運(yùn)行居然是 404。

肯定是少了關(guān)鍵性的參數(shù)，回到上面 Network 仔細(xì)觀察 mp3 的 url，發(fā)現(xiàn)在 url 后面帶了一個(gè) key 的關(guān)鍵字。如下圖，這個(gè) key 是來自于 https://img.tingchina.com/play/h5_jsonp.asp?0.5078556568562795 的返回值，可以使用正則表達(dá)式將 key 取出來。

def?get_key(url):
????url?=?'https://img.tingchina.com/play/h5_jsonp.asp?{}'.format(str(random.random()))
????headers['referer']?=?url
????response?=?requests.get(url,?headers=headers)
????matched?=?re.search('(key=.*?)";',?response.text,?re.S)
????if?matched:
????????temp?=?matched.group(1)
????????return?temp[len(temp)-42:]

最后的最后在 __main__ 中將以上的代碼串聯(lián)起來。

if?__name__?==?"__main__":
????url?=?input("請輸入瀏覽器書頁的地址：")
????dir,url_list?=?get_detail_urls()

????for?item?in?url_list:
????????audio_url?=?get_mp3_path(item['url'])
????????key?=?get_key(item['url'])
????????audio_url?=?audio_url?+?'?key='?+?key
????????headers['referer']?=?item['url']
????????r?=?requests.get(audio_url,?headers=headers,stream=True)
????????with?open(os.path.join(dir,?item['name']),'ab')?as?f:
????????????f.write(r.content)
????????????f.flush()

完整代碼

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import re
import random
import os

headers = {
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.114 Safari/537.36'
}

def get_detail_urls(url):
    url_list = []
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    response.encoding = 'gbk'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'lxml')
    name = soup.select('.red12')[0].strong.text
    if not os.path.exists(name):
        os.makedirs(name)
    div_list = soup.select('div.list a')
    for item in div_list:
        url_list.append({'name': item.string, 'url': 'https://www.tingchina.com/yousheng/{}'.format(item['href'])})
    return name, url_list
    
def get_mp3_path(url):
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    response.encoding = 'gbk'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'lxml')
    script_text = soup.select('script')[-1].string
    fileUrl_search = re.search('fileUrl= "(.*?)";', script_text, re.S)
    if fileUrl_search:
        return 'https://t3344.tingchina.com' + fileUrl_search.group(1)
        
def get_key(url):
    url = 'https://img.tingchina.com/play/h5_jsonp.asp?{}'.format(str(random.random()))
    headers['referer'] = url
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    matched = re.search('(key=.*?)";', response.text, re.S)
    if matched:
        temp = matched.group(1)
        return temp[len(temp)-42:]

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = input("請輸入瀏覽器書頁的地址：")
    dir,url_list = get_detail_urls()

    for item in url_list:
        audio_url = get_mp3_path(item['url'])
        key = get_key(item['url'])
        audio_url = audio_url + '?key=' + key
        headers['referer'] = item['url']
        r = requests.get(audio_url, headers=headers,stream=True)
        with open(os.path.join(dir, item['name']),'ab') as f:
            f.write(r.content)
            f.flush()