def all_unique(lst):        
    return len(lst) == len(set(lst))  
x = [1,1,2,2,3,2,3,4,5,6]    
y = [1,2,3,4,5]    
all_unique(x) # False    
all_unique(y) # True

from collections import Counter   
def anagram(first, second):        
    return Counter(first) == Counter(second)    
 
anagram("abcd3", "3acdb") 
# True

import sys    
variable = 30     
print(sys.getsizeof(variable)) 
# 24

def byte_size(string):       
    return(len(string.encode( utf-8 )))   
 
byte_size( ???? ) # 4    
byte_size( Hello World ) # 11

n = 2
s ="Programming"
print(s * n); 
# ProgrammingProgramming

s = "programming is awesome"    
print(s.title()) 
# Programming Is Awesome

from math import ceil 
def chunk(lst, size):        
    return list(map(lambda x: lst[x * size:x * size + size],list(range(0, ceil(len(lst) / size)))))    
 
chunk([1,2,3,4,5],2) 
# [[1,2],[3,4],5]

def compact(lst):        
    return list(filter(bool, lst))    
 
compact([0, 1, False, 2, , 3,  a ,  s , 34]) 
# [ 1, 2, 3,  a ,  s , 34 ]

array = [[ a ,  b ], [ c ,  d ], [ e ,  f ]]    
transposed = zip(*array)    
print(transposed) 
# [( a ,  c ,  e ), ( b ,  d ,  f )]

a = 3    
print( 2 < a < 8) 
# True    
 
print(1 == a < 2) 
# False

hobbies = ["basketball", "football", "swimming"]
print("My hobbies are: " + ", ".join(hobbies)) 
# My hobbies are: basketball, football, swimming

import re    
def count_vowels(str):        
    return len(len(re.findall(r [aeiou] , str, re.IGNORECASE)))    
 
count_vowels( foobar ) # 3    
count_vowels( gym ) # 0
 

def decapitalize(string):        
    return str[:1].lower() + str[1:]    
 
decapitalize( FooBar ) #  fooBar     
decapitalize( FooBar ) #  fooBar

def spread(arg):    
    ret = []    
    for i in arg:        
        if isinstance(i, list):            
            ret.extend(i)        
        else:            
            ret.append(i)    
    return retdef 
 
deep_flatten(lst):    
    result = []    
    result.extend(spread(list(map(lambda x: deep_flatten(x) if type(x) == list else x, lst))))    
    return result
 
deep_flatten([1, [2], [[3], 4], 5]) 
# [1,2,3,4,5]

def difference(a, b):    
    set_a = set(a)    
    set_b = set(b)    
    comparison = set_a.difference(set_b)    
    return 
 
list(comparison)
difference([1,2,3], [1,2,4]) # [3]