Android自定義軟鍵盤的步驟記錄

更新時間：2021年08月22日 16:57:41 作者：飄渺包子

Android軟鍵盤這塊從我入職到現(xiàn)在,是一個一直糾纏我的問題,這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于Android自定義軟鍵盤的相關(guān)資料,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細,需要的朋友可以參考下

效果圖

還是咱們的老規(guī)矩，先放最終效果圖 😄😄😄

實現(xiàn)自定義軟鍵盤

需要實現(xiàn)一個軟鍵盤很簡單，只需要很簡單的3步

1、通過xml文件，定義出來鍵盤結(jié)構(gòu)

2、將定義好的鍵盤結(jié)構(gòu)與KeyboardView綁定起來

3、實現(xiàn)onKey方法，處理輸入和操作事件

1、通過xml定義鍵盤

在res下面定義一個xml文件夾，并創(chuàng)建你的軟鍵盤布局xml文件

這邊需要根據(jù)自己的每一個key對應(yīng)的比例計算出來大小，%p就是占整個的百分比，要注意間隔距離。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Keyboard xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:horizontalGap="1%p"
    android:keyWidth="10%p"
    android:keyHeight="50dp"
    android:verticalGap="1%p">

    <Row>
        <Key
            android:codes="81"<!--最終展示內(nèi)容的unicode-->
            android:horizontalGap="1%p"<!--橫向間隔比率-->
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"<!--鍵位寬度比率-->
            android:keyEdgeFlags="left"<!--鍵盤間隔對其方式-->
            android:keyLabel="Q" <!--鍵盤上展示的文案--> />
        <Key
            android:codes="87"
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"
            android:keyLabel="W" />
        <Key
            android:codes="69"
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"
            android:keyLabel="E" />
        <Key
            android:codes="82"
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"
            android:keyLabel="R" />
        <Key
            android:codes="84"
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"
            android:keyLabel="T" />
        <Key
            android:codes="89"
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"
            android:keyLabel="Y" />
        <Key
            android:codes="85"
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"
            android:keyLabel="U" />
        <Key
            android:codes="73"
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"
            android:keyLabel="I" />
        <Key
            android:codes="79"
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"
            android:keyLabel="O" />
        <Key
            android:codes="80"
            android:keyWidth="8.9%p"
            android:keyEdgeFlags="right"
            android:keyLabel="P" />
    </Row>

    <Row>
        <Key
            android:codes="65"
            android:horizontalGap="5.5%p"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyEdgeFlags="left"
            android:keyLabel="A" />
        <Key
            android:codes="83"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="S" />
        <Key
            android:codes="68"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="D" />
        <Key
            android:codes="70"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="F" />
        <Key
            android:codes="71"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="G" />
        <Key
            android:codes="72"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="H" />
        <Key
            android:codes="74"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="J" />
        <Key
            android:codes="75"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="K" />
        <Key
            android:codes="76"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyEdgeFlags="left"
            android:keyLabel="L" />
    </Row>

    <Row>
        <Key
            android:codes="-1005"
            android:keyWidth="13.5%p"
            android:keyEdgeFlags="left"
            android:keyLabel="中" />
        <Key
            android:codes="90"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="Z" />
        <Key
            android:codes="88"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="X" />
        <Key
            android:codes="67"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="C" />
        <Key
            android:codes="86"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="V" />
        <Key
            android:codes="66"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="B" />
        <Key
            android:codes="78"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="N" />
        <Key
            android:codes="77"
            android:keyWidth="9%p"
            android:keyLabel="M" />
        <Key
            android:codes="-5"
            android:isRepeatable="true"
            android:keyWidth="13.5%p" />
    </Row>
    <Row>
        <Key
            android:codes="-1004"
            android:keyWidth="24%p"
            android:keyEdgeFlags="left"
            android:keyLabel="123" />
        <Key
            android:codes="32"
            android:keyWidth="48%p"
            android:keyLabel="space" />
        <Key
            android:codes="-1003"
            android:keyWidth="24%p"
            android:keyEdgeFlags="right"
            android:keyLabel="確定" />
    </Row>
</Keyboard>

2、將xml文件與keyboardview綁定起來

創(chuàng)建出來的keyboard文件是要與keyboard類結(jié)合起來使用的。

WordKeyboard = new Keyboard(context, R.xml.stock_word_keyboard);

實現(xiàn)自己的keyboardview，繼承自KeyboardView。

public class MyKeyboardView extends KeyboardView {
...
init{
  WordKeyboard = new Keyboard(context, R.xml.stock_word_keyboard);
  //將你的keyboard與keyboardview綁定起來
  this.setKeyboard(WordKeyboard);
}

我們真實需要添加到布局中的view實際上就是自定義的MyKeyboardView ，它的使用和其他自定義view沒有任何區(qū)別。

3、處理點擊事件onKey

如果你完成了上面兩步，并將view添加到布局中，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)可以展示出來了。但是點擊并沒有任何效果。
如果想要出效果，就需要實現(xiàn)onkey進行處理。

KeyboardView.this.setOnKeyboardActionListener(new OnKeyboardActionListener() {

    @Override
    public void onKey(int primaryCode, int[] keyCodes) {
        try {
            Editable editable = editText.getText();
            int start = editText.getSelectionStart();
            int end = editText.getSelectionEnd();
            String code = String.valueOf(primaryCode);
            switch (code) {
            		//切換到數(shù)字鍵盤
                case KeyboardKeyMap.TOOL_SWITCH_TO_NUM:
                    onKeyboardCallback.switchToNumberKeyboard();
                    break;
                    //切換到系統(tǒng)鍵盤
                case KeyboardKeyMap.TOOL_SWITCH_TO_WORD:
                    onKeyboardCallback.switchToSystemKeyboard();
                    break;
                    //隱藏鍵盤
                case KeyboardKeyMap.TOOL_HIDE:
                    onKeyboardCallback.onHideStockKeyboard();
                    break;
                    //刪除
                case KeyboardKeyMap.TOOL_DEL:
                    if (editable != null && editable.length() > 0) {
                        if (start == end) {
                            editable.delete(start - 1, start);
                        } else {
                            editable.delete(start, end);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                    //清空輸入
                case KeyboardKeyMap.TOOL_CLEAR:
                    if (editable != null) {
                        editable.clear();
                    }
                    break;
                    //確認按鈕
                case KeyboardKeyMap.TOOL_CONFIRM:
                    onKeyboardCallback.onConfirmStockKeyboard();
                    break;
                default:
                   //正常輸入
                    if (editable != null) {
                        if (KeyboardKeyMap.isStockPrefix(code)) {
	                        //這里處理更加特殊的輸入定義，
	                        //比如你需要輸入城市簡稱等（車牌自定義鍵盤需要）
                            String resultCode = KeyboardKeyMap.findInputByKey(code);
                            editable.replace(start, end, resultCode);
                        } else {
                            //這里如果是正常的鍵位（排除確認、清空、切換等功能鍵位），
                            //則將鍵位上的unicode轉(zhuǎn)換為正常的數(shù)字，比如定義鍵盤P對應(yīng)的
                            //unicode是80，因為xml定義鍵位的時候為了方便匹配，所以值
                            //是使用的unicode，這邊則會將80轉(zhuǎn)換為真正要輸入的P字母。
                            String resultCode = Character.toString((char) primaryCode);
                            editable.replace(start, end, resultCode);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

到這里，基本的自定義鍵盤定義操作就完成了。當然如果你是工作使用，并沒有結(jié)束，因為一般情況下自定義鍵盤需要和系統(tǒng)鍵盤并存，因此你還需要處理鍵盤切換的閃動問題。對于鍵盤切換控制，我這里就不過多介紹了，可以自行查閱軟鍵盤+表情切換，處理方案目前已經(jīng)很成熟了。原理是一樣的。

附贈一些實用的效果處理

1、點擊空白處，關(guān)閉軟鍵盤，如果有內(nèi)容，出發(fā)內(nèi)容點擊，并關(guān)系軟鍵盤，如果是滑動，則只關(guān)閉軟鍵盤
效果實現(xiàn)太簡單了，這里不做過多說明，理解事件分發(fā)自然懂。

class AutoHideKeyboardCstLayout @JvmOverloads constructor(
    context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet? = null
) : ConstraintLayout(context, attrs) {

    var keyboardHideListener: (() -> Unit)? = null

    override fun onInterceptTouchEvent(ev: MotionEvent?): Boolean {
        if (ev?.action == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            keyboardHideListener?.invoke()
        }
        return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)
    }
}

關(guān)閉操作只需要在回調(diào)方法執(zhí)行即可。

contentHideKeyboardCstLayout.keyboardHideListener = {
    hidePanelAndKeyboard()
}

2、切換軟鍵盤panel，很簡單的實現(xiàn)

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="40dp"
    android:background="@android:color/white"
    android:elevation="0.5dp">

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
        android:id="@+id/tvStockNumKeyboard"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_marginStart="10dp"
        android:button="@null"
        android:padding="6dp"
        android:text="123"
        android:textColor="@drawable/stock_switch_label_color"
        android:textSize="16dp"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
        android:id="@+id/tvStockWordKeyboard"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_marginStart="18dp"
        android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/tvStockNumKeyboard"
        android:button="@null"
        android:padding="6dp"
        android:text="ABC"
        android:textColor="@drawable/stock_switch_label_color"
        android:textSize="16dp"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
        android:id="@+id/tvSystemKeyboard"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_marginStart="18dp"
        android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/tvStockWordKeyboard"
        android:button="@null"
        android:padding="6dp"
        android:text="中文"
        android:textColor="@drawable/stock_switch_label_color"
        android:textSize="16dp"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/keyboardDone"
        android:layout_width="60sp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true">

        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="16dp"
            android:layout_height="16dp"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:contentDescription="@null"
            android:scaleType="centerInside"
            android:src="@drawable/keyboard_done_"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:textSize="16sp" />
    </FrameLayout>

    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0.5dp"
        android:background="#EEEEEE" />
</RelativeLayout>

顏色切換selector

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:color="#F14400" android:state_selected="true" />
    <item android:color="#334455" android:state_selected="false" />
</selector>

class KeyboardSwitcher @JvmOverloads constructor(
    context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet? = null
) : RelativeLayout(context, attrs) {

    private var mViewBinding: RtcKeyboardSwitcherBinding? = null
    private var mStockKeyboardView: StockKeyboardView? = null

    init {
        mViewBinding = RtcKeyboardSwitcherBinding.inflate(LayoutInflater.from(context), this, true)
    }

    fun pressNumberKeyboard() {
        mViewBinding?.tvStockNumKeyboard?.performClick()
    }

    fun pressWordKeyboard() {
        mViewBinding?.tvStockWordKeyboard?.performClick()
    }

    fun pressSystemKeyboard() {
        mViewBinding?.tvSystemKeyboard?.performClick()
    }

    fun switchKeyboard(
        _switchKeyboard: (isSystemKeyboard: Boolean) -> Unit,
        _keyboardDone: () -> Unit
    ) {
        mViewBinding?.apply {
            tvStockNumKeyboard.setOnClickListener {
                resetSelectedState()
                _switchKeyboard.invoke(false)
                mStockKeyboardView?.showNumberKeyboard()
                it.isSelected = true
            }
            tvStockWordKeyboard.setOnClickListener {
                resetSelectedState()
                _switchKeyboard.invoke(false)
                mStockKeyboardView?.showWordKeyboard()
                it.isSelected = true
            }
            tvSystemKeyboard.setOnClickListener {
                resetSelectedState()
                _switchKeyboard.invoke(true)
                it.isSelected = true
            }
            keyboardDone.setOnClickListener {
                _keyboardDone.invoke()
            }
        }
    }

    fun setDefaultKeyboard(index: Int) {
        resetSelectedState()
        mViewBinding?.apply {
            when (index) {
                0 -> {
                    tvStockNumKeyboard.isSelected = true
                }
                1 -> {
                    tvStockWordKeyboard.isSelected = true
                }
                2 -> {
                    tvSystemKeyboard.isSelected = true
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private fun resetSelectedState() {
        mViewBinding?.apply {
            tvStockNumKeyboard.isSelected = false
            tvStockWordKeyboard.isSelected = false
            tvSystemKeyboard.isSelected = false
        }
    }

    override fun onTouchEvent(event: MotionEvent?): Boolean {
        if (event?.action == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            performClick()
        }
        return true
    }

    override fun performClick(): Boolean {
        return super.performClick()
    }

    fun attach(stockKeyboardView: StockKeyboardView) {
        this.mStockKeyboardView = stockKeyboardView
    }

    fun showNumberKeyboard() {
        this.mStockKeyboardView?.showNumberKeyboard()
    }
}